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logging.py markers.py abc.py spinner.py style.py

.venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/logging.py

import logging
from datetime import datetime
from logging import Handler, LogRecord
from pathlib import Path
from types import ModuleType
from typing import ClassVar, Iterable, List, Optional, Type, Union

from pip._vendor.rich._null_file import NullFile

from . import get_console
from ._log_render import FormatTimeCallable, LogRender
from .console import Console, ConsoleRenderable
from .highlighter import Highlighter, ReprHighlighter
from .text import Text
from .traceback import Traceback


class RichHandler(Handler):
    """A logging handler that renders output with Rich. The time / level / message and file are displayed in columns.
    The level is color coded, and the message is syntax highlighted.

    Note:
        Be careful when enabling console markup in log messages if you have configured logging for libraries not
        under your control. If a dependency writes messages containing square brackets, it may not produce the intended output.

    Args:
        level (Union[int, str], optional): Log level. Defaults to logging.NOTSET.
        console (:class:`~rich.console.Console`, optional): Optional console instance to write logs.
            Default will use a global console instance writing to stdout.
        show_time (bool, optional): Show a column for the time. Defaults to True.
        omit_repeated_times (bool, optional): Omit repetition of the same time. Defaults to True.
        show_level (bool, optional): Show a column for the level. Defaults to True.
        show_path (bool, optional): Show the path to the original log call. Defaults to True.
        enable_link_path (bool, optional): Enable terminal link of path column to file. Defaults to True.
        highlighter (Highlighter, optional): Highlighter to style log messages, or None to use ReprHighlighter. Defaults to None.
        markup (bool, optional): Enable console markup in log messages. Defaults to False.
        rich_tracebacks (bool, optional): Enable rich tracebacks with syntax highlighting and formatting. Defaults to False.
        tracebacks_width (Optional[int], optional): Number of characters used to render tracebacks, or None for full width. Defaults to None.
        tracebacks_extra_lines (int, optional): Additional lines of code to render tracebacks, or None for full width. Defaults to None.
        tracebacks_theme (str, optional): Override pygments theme used in traceback.
        tracebacks_word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of long tracebacks lines. Defaults to True.
        tracebacks_show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of locals in tracebacks. Defaults to False.
        tracebacks_suppress (Sequence[Union[str, ModuleType]]): Optional sequence of modules or paths to exclude from traceback.
        locals_max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
            Defaults to 10.
        locals_max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to 80.
        log_time_format (Union[str, TimeFormatterCallable], optional): If ``log_time`` is enabled, either string for strftime or callable that formats the time. Defaults to "[%x %X] ".
        keywords (List[str], optional): List of words to highlight instead of ``RichHandler.KEYWORDS``.
    """

    KEYWORDS: ClassVar[Optional[List[str]]] = [
        "GET",
        "POST",
        "HEAD",
        "PUT",
        "DELETE",
        "OPTIONS",
        "TRACE",
        "PATCH",
    ]
    HIGHLIGHTER_CLASS: ClassVar[Type[Highlighter]] = ReprHighlighter

    def __init__(
        self,
        level: Union[int, str] = logging.NOTSET,
        console: Optional[Console] = None,
        *,
        show_time: bool = True,
        omit_repeated_times: bool = True,
        show_level: bool = True,
        show_path: bool = True,
        enable_link_path: bool = True,
        highlighter: Optional[Highlighter] = None,
        markup: bool = False,
        rich_tracebacks: bool = False,
        tracebacks_width: Optional[int] = None,
        tracebacks_extra_lines: int = 3,
        tracebacks_theme: Optional[str] = None,
        tracebacks_word_wrap: bool = True,
        tracebacks_show_locals: bool = False,
        tracebacks_suppress: Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]] = (),
        locals_max_length: int = 10,
        locals_max_string: int = 80,
        log_time_format: Union[str, FormatTimeCallable] = "[%x %X]",
        keywords: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__(level=level)
        self.console = console or get_console()
        self.highlighter = highlighter or self.HIGHLIGHTER_CLASS()
        self._log_render = LogRender(
            show_time=show_time,
            show_level=show_level,
            show_path=show_path,
            time_format=log_time_format,
            omit_repeated_times=omit_repeated_times,
            level_width=None,
        )
        self.enable_link_path = enable_link_path
        self.markup = markup
        self.rich_tracebacks = rich_tracebacks
        self.tracebacks_width = tracebacks_width
        self.tracebacks_extra_lines = tracebacks_extra_lines
        self.tracebacks_theme = tracebacks_theme
        self.tracebacks_word_wrap = tracebacks_word_wrap
        self.tracebacks_show_locals = tracebacks_show_locals
        self.tracebacks_suppress = tracebacks_suppress
        self.locals_max_length = locals_max_length
        self.locals_max_string = locals_max_string
        self.keywords = keywords

    def get_level_text(self, record: LogRecord) -> Text:
        """Get the level name from the record.

        Args:
            record (LogRecord): LogRecord instance.

        Returns:
            Text: A tuple of the style and level name.
        """
        level_name = record.levelname
        level_text = Text.styled(
            level_name.ljust(8), f"logging.level.{level_name.lower()}"
        )
        return level_text

    def emit(self, record: LogRecord) -> None:
        """Invoked by logging."""
        message = self.format(record)
        traceback = None
        if (
            self.rich_tracebacks
            and record.exc_info
            and record.exc_info != (None, None, None)
        ):
            exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = record.exc_info
            assert exc_type is not None
            assert exc_value is not None
            traceback = Traceback.from_exception(
                exc_type,
                exc_value,
                exc_traceback,
                width=self.tracebacks_width,
                extra_lines=self.tracebacks_extra_lines,
                theme=self.tracebacks_theme,
                word_wrap=self.tracebacks_word_wrap,
                show_locals=self.tracebacks_show_locals,
                locals_max_length=self.locals_max_length,
                locals_max_string=self.locals_max_string,
                suppress=self.tracebacks_suppress,
            )
            message = record.getMessage()
            if self.formatter:
                record.message = record.getMessage()
                formatter = self.formatter
                if hasattr(formatter, "usesTime") and formatter.usesTime():
                    record.asctime = formatter.formatTime(record, formatter.datefmt)
                message = formatter.formatMessage(record)

        message_renderable = self.render_message(record, message)
        log_renderable = self.render(
            record=record, traceback=traceback, message_renderable=message_renderable
        )
        if isinstance(self.console.file, NullFile):
            # Handles pythonw, where stdout/stderr are null, and we return NullFile
            # instance from Console.file. In this case, we still want to make a log record
            # even though we won't be writing anything to a file.
            self.handleError(record)
        else:
            try:
                self.console.print(log_renderable)
            except Exception:
                self.handleError(record)

    def render_message(self, record: LogRecord, message: str) -> "ConsoleRenderable":
        """Render message text in to Text.

        Args:
            record (LogRecord): logging Record.
            message (str): String containing log message.

        Returns:
            ConsoleRenderable: Renderable to display log message.
        """
        use_markup = getattr(record, "markup", self.markup)
        message_text = Text.from_markup(message) if use_markup else Text(message)

        highlighter = getattr(record, "highlighter", self.highlighter)
        if highlighter:
            message_text = highlighter(message_text)

        if self.keywords is None:
            self.keywords = self.KEYWORDS

        if self.keywords:
            message_text.highlight_words(self.keywords, "logging.keyword")

        return message_text

    def render(
        self,
        *,
        record: LogRecord,
        traceback: Optional[Traceback],
        message_renderable: "ConsoleRenderable",
    ) -> "ConsoleRenderable":
        """Render log for display.

        Args:
            record (LogRecord): logging Record.
            traceback (Optional[Traceback]): Traceback instance or None for no Traceback.
            message_renderable (ConsoleRenderable): Renderable (typically Text) containing log message contents.

        Returns:
            ConsoleRenderable: Renderable to display log.
        """
        path = Path(record.pathname).name
        level = self.get_level_text(record)
        time_format = None if self.formatter is None else self.formatter.datefmt
        log_time = datetime.fromtimestamp(record.created)

        log_renderable = self._log_render(
            self.console,
            [message_renderable] if not traceback else [message_renderable, traceback],
            log_time=log_time,
            time_format=time_format,
            level=level,
            path=path,
            line_no=record.lineno,
            link_path=record.pathname if self.enable_link_path else None,
        )
        return log_renderable


if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
    from time import sleep

    FORMAT = "%(message)s"
    # FORMAT = "%(asctime)-15s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s"
    logging.basicConfig(
        level="NOTSET",
        format=FORMAT,
        datefmt="[%X]",
        handlers=[RichHandler(rich_tracebacks=True, tracebacks_show_locals=True)],
    )
    log = logging.getLogger("rich")

    log.info("Server starting...")
    log.info("Listening on http://127.0.0.1:8080")
    sleep(1)

    log.info("GET /index.html 200 1298")
    log.info("GET /imgs/backgrounds/back1.jpg 200 54386")
    log.info("GET /css/styles.css 200 54386")
    log.warning("GET /favicon.ico 404 242")
    sleep(1)

    log.debug(
        "JSONRPC request\n--> %r\n<-- %r",
        {
            "version": "1.1",
            "method": "confirmFruitPurchase",
            "params": [["apple", "orange", "mangoes", "pomelo"], 1.123],
            "id": "194521489",
        },
        {"version": "1.1", "result": True, "error": None, "id": "194521489"},
    )
    log.debug(
        "Loading configuration file /adasd/asdasd/qeqwe/qwrqwrqwr/sdgsdgsdg/werwerwer/dfgerert/ertertert/ertetert/werwerwer"
    )
    log.error("Unable to find 'pomelo' in database!")
    log.info("POST /jsonrpc/ 200 65532")
    log.info("POST /admin/ 401 42234")
    log.warning("password was rejected for admin site.")

    def divide() -> None:
        number = 1
        divisor = 0
        foos = ["foo"] * 100
        log.debug("in divide")
        try:
            number / divisor
        except:
            log.exception("An error of some kind occurred!")

    divide()
    sleep(1)
    log.critical("Out of memory!")
    log.info("Server exited with code=-1")
    log.info("[bold]EXITING...[/bold]", extra=dict(markup=True))

290 lines•11.6 KB

python

.venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_vendor/distlib/markers.py

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Copyright (C) 2012-2023 Vinay Sajip.
# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
#
"""
Parser for the environment markers micro-language defined in PEP 508.
"""

# Note: In PEP 345, the micro-language was Python compatible, so the ast
# module could be used to parse it. However, PEP 508 introduced operators such
# as ~= and === which aren't in Python, necessitating a different approach.

import os
import re
import sys
import platform

from .compat import string_types
from .util import in_venv, parse_marker
from .version import LegacyVersion as LV

__all__ = ['interpret']

_VERSION_PATTERN = re.compile(r'((\d+(\.\d+)*\w*)|\'(\d+(\.\d+)*\w*)\'|\"(\d+(\.\d+)*\w*)\")')
_VERSION_MARKERS = {'python_version', 'python_full_version'}


def _is_version_marker(s):
    return isinstance(s, string_types) and s in _VERSION_MARKERS


def _is_literal(o):
    if not isinstance(o, string_types) or not o:
        return False
    return o[0] in '\'"'


def _get_versions(s):
    return {LV(m.groups()[0]) for m in _VERSION_PATTERN.finditer(s)}


class Evaluator(object):
    """
    This class is used to evaluate marker expressions.
    """

    operations = {
        '==': lambda x, y: x == y,
        '===': lambda x, y: x == y,
        '~=': lambda x, y: x == y or x > y,
        '!=': lambda x, y: x != y,
        '<': lambda x, y: x < y,
        '<=': lambda x, y: x == y or x < y,
        '>': lambda x, y: x > y,
        '>=': lambda x, y: x == y or x > y,
        'and': lambda x, y: x and y,
        'or': lambda x, y: x or y,
        'in': lambda x, y: x in y,
        'not in': lambda x, y: x not in y,
    }

    def evaluate(self, expr, context):
        """
        Evaluate a marker expression returned by the :func:`parse_requirement`
        function in the specified context.
        """
        if isinstance(expr, string_types):
            if expr[0] in '\'"':
                result = expr[1:-1]
            else:
                if expr not in context:
                    raise SyntaxError('unknown variable: %s' % expr)
                result = context[expr]
        else:
            assert isinstance(expr, dict)
            op = expr['op']
            if op not in self.operations:
                raise NotImplementedError('op not implemented: %s' % op)
            elhs = expr['lhs']
            erhs = expr['rhs']
            if _is_literal(expr['lhs']) and _is_literal(expr['rhs']):
                raise SyntaxError('invalid comparison: %s %s %s' % (elhs, op, erhs))

            lhs = self.evaluate(elhs, context)
            rhs = self.evaluate(erhs, context)
            if ((_is_version_marker(elhs) or _is_version_marker(erhs)) and
                    op in ('<', '<=', '>', '>=', '===', '==', '!=', '~=')):
                lhs = LV(lhs)
                rhs = LV(rhs)
            elif _is_version_marker(elhs) and op in ('in', 'not in'):
                lhs = LV(lhs)
                rhs = _get_versions(rhs)
            result = self.operations[op](lhs, rhs)
        return result


_DIGITS = re.compile(r'\d+\.\d+')


def default_context():

    def format_full_version(info):
        version = '%s.%s.%s' % (info.major, info.minor, info.micro)
        kind = info.releaselevel
        if kind != 'final':
            version += kind[0] + str(info.serial)
        return version

    if hasattr(sys, 'implementation'):
        implementation_version = format_full_version(sys.implementation.version)
        implementation_name = sys.implementation.name
    else:
        implementation_version = '0'
        implementation_name = ''

    ppv = platform.python_version()
    m = _DIGITS.match(ppv)
    pv = m.group(0)
    result = {
        'implementation_name': implementation_name,
        'implementation_version': implementation_version,
        'os_name': os.name,
        'platform_machine': platform.machine(),
        'platform_python_implementation': platform.python_implementation(),
        'platform_release': platform.release(),
        'platform_system': platform.system(),
        'platform_version': platform.version(),
        'platform_in_venv': str(in_venv()),
        'python_full_version': ppv,
        'python_version': pv,
        'sys_platform': sys.platform,
    }
    return result


DEFAULT_CONTEXT = default_context()
del default_context

evaluator = Evaluator()


def interpret(marker, execution_context=None):
    """
    Interpret a marker and return a result depending on environment.

    :param marker: The marker to interpret.
    :type marker: str
    :param execution_context: The context used for name lookup.
    :type execution_context: mapping
    """
    try:
        expr, rest = parse_marker(marker)
    except Exception as e:
        raise SyntaxError('Unable to interpret marker syntax: %s: %s' % (marker, e))
    if rest and rest[0] != '#':
        raise SyntaxError('unexpected trailing data in marker: %s: %s' % (marker, rest))
    context = dict(DEFAULT_CONTEXT)
    if execution_context:
        context.update(execution_context)
    return evaluator.evaluate(expr, context)

163 lines•5 KB

python

.venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/abc.py

Raw Download

from abc import ABC


class RichRenderable(ABC):
    """An abstract base class for Rich renderables.

    Note that there is no need to extend this class, the intended use is to check if an
    object supports the Rich renderable protocol. For example::

        if isinstance(my_object, RichRenderable):
            console.print(my_object)

    """

    @classmethod
    def __subclasshook__(cls, other: type) -> bool:
        """Check if this class supports the rich render protocol."""
        return hasattr(other, "__rich_console__") or hasattr(other, "__rich__")


if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
    from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text

    t = Text()
    print(isinstance(Text, RichRenderable))
    print(isinstance(t, RichRenderable))

    class Foo:
        pass

    f = Foo()
    print(isinstance(f, RichRenderable))
    print(isinstance("", RichRenderable))

34 lines•890 B

python

.venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/spinner.py

Raw Download

from typing import cast, List, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Union

from ._spinners import SPINNERS
from .measure import Measurement
from .table import Table
from .text import Text

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderResult, RenderableType
    from .style import StyleType


class Spinner:
    """A spinner animation.

    Args:
        name (str): Name of spinner (run python -m rich.spinner).
        text (RenderableType, optional): A renderable to display at the right of the spinner (str or Text typically). Defaults to "".
        style (StyleType, optional): Style for spinner animation. Defaults to None.
        speed (float, optional): Speed factor for animation. Defaults to 1.0.

    Raises:
        KeyError: If name isn't one of the supported spinner animations.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        name: str,
        text: "RenderableType" = "",
        *,
        style: Optional["StyleType"] = None,
        speed: float = 1.0,
    ) -> None:
        try:
            spinner = SPINNERS[name]
        except KeyError:
            raise KeyError(f"no spinner called {name!r}")
        self.text: "Union[RenderableType, Text]" = (
            Text.from_markup(text) if isinstance(text, str) else text
        )
        self.frames = cast(List[str], spinner["frames"])[:]
        self.interval = cast(float, spinner["interval"])
        self.start_time: Optional[float] = None
        self.style = style
        self.speed = speed
        self.frame_no_offset: float = 0.0
        self._update_speed = 0.0

    def __rich_console__(
        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
    ) -> "RenderResult":
        yield self.render(console.get_time())

    def __rich_measure__(
        self, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions"
    ) -> Measurement:
        text = self.render(0)
        return Measurement.get(console, options, text)

    def render(self, time: float) -> "RenderableType":
        """Render the spinner for a given time.

        Args:
            time (float): Time in seconds.

        Returns:
            RenderableType: A renderable containing animation frame.
        """
        if self.start_time is None:
            self.start_time = time

        frame_no = ((time - self.start_time) * self.speed) / (
            self.interval / 1000.0
        ) + self.frame_no_offset
        frame = Text(
            self.frames[int(frame_no) % len(self.frames)], style=self.style or ""
        )

        if self._update_speed:
            self.frame_no_offset = frame_no
            self.start_time = time
            self.speed = self._update_speed
            self._update_speed = 0.0

        if not self.text:
            return frame
        elif isinstance(self.text, (str, Text)):
            return Text.assemble(frame, " ", self.text)
        else:
            table = Table.grid(padding=1)
            table.add_row(frame, self.text)
            return table

    def update(
        self,
        *,
        text: "RenderableType" = "",
        style: Optional["StyleType"] = None,
        speed: Optional[float] = None,
    ) -> None:
        """Updates attributes of a spinner after it has been started.

        Args:
            text (RenderableType, optional): A renderable to display at the right of the spinner (str or Text typically). Defaults to "".
            style (StyleType, optional): Style for spinner animation. Defaults to None.
            speed (float, optional): Speed factor for animation. Defaults to None.
        """
        if text:
            self.text = Text.from_markup(text) if isinstance(text, str) else text
        if style:
            self.style = style
        if speed:
            self._update_speed = speed


if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
    from time import sleep

    from .columns import Columns
    from .panel import Panel
    from .live import Live

    all_spinners = Columns(
        [
            Spinner(spinner_name, text=Text(repr(spinner_name), style="green"))
            for spinner_name in sorted(SPINNERS.keys())
        ],
        column_first=True,
        expand=True,
    )

    with Live(
        Panel(all_spinners, title="Spinners", border_style="blue"),
        refresh_per_second=20,
    ) as live:
        while True:
            sleep(0.1)

138 lines•4.2 KB

python

.venv/Lib/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/style.py

Raw Download

import sys
from functools import lru_cache
from marshal import dumps, loads
from random import randint
from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Type, Union, cast

from . import errors
from .color import Color, ColorParseError, ColorSystem, blend_rgb
from .repr import Result, rich_repr
from .terminal_theme import DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME, TerminalTheme

# Style instances and style definitions are often interchangeable
StyleType = Union[str, "Style"]


class _Bit:
    """A descriptor to get/set a style attribute bit."""

    __slots__ = ["bit"]

    def __init__(self, bit_no: int) -> None:
        self.bit = 1 << bit_no

    def __get__(self, obj: "Style", objtype: Type["Style"]) -> Optional[bool]:
        if obj._set_attributes & self.bit:
            return obj._attributes & self.bit != 0
        return None


@rich_repr
class Style:
    """A terminal style.

    A terminal style consists of a color (`color`), a background color (`bgcolor`), and a number of attributes, such
    as bold, italic etc. The attributes have 3 states: they can either be on
    (``True``), off (``False``), or not set (``None``).

    Args:
        color (Union[Color, str], optional): Color of terminal text. Defaults to None.
        bgcolor (Union[Color, str], optional): Color of terminal background. Defaults to None.
        bold (bool, optional): Enable bold text. Defaults to None.
        dim (bool, optional): Enable dim text. Defaults to None.
        italic (bool, optional): Enable italic text. Defaults to None.
        underline (bool, optional): Enable underlined text. Defaults to None.
        blink (bool, optional): Enabled blinking text. Defaults to None.
        blink2 (bool, optional): Enable fast blinking text. Defaults to None.
        reverse (bool, optional): Enabled reverse text. Defaults to None.
        conceal (bool, optional): Enable concealed text. Defaults to None.
        strike (bool, optional): Enable strikethrough text. Defaults to None.
        underline2 (bool, optional): Enable doubly underlined text. Defaults to None.
        frame (bool, optional): Enable framed text. Defaults to None.
        encircle (bool, optional): Enable encircled text. Defaults to None.
        overline (bool, optional): Enable overlined text. Defaults to None.
        link (str, link): Link URL. Defaults to None.

    """

    _color: Optional[Color]
    _bgcolor: Optional[Color]
    _attributes: int
    _set_attributes: int
    _hash: Optional[int]
    _null: bool
    _meta: Optional[bytes]

    __slots__ = [
        "_color",
        "_bgcolor",
        "_attributes",
        "_set_attributes",
        "_link",
        "_link_id",
        "_ansi",
        "_style_definition",
        "_hash",
        "_null",
        "_meta",
    ]

    # maps bits on to SGR parameter
    _style_map = {
        0: "1",
        1: "2",
        2: "3",
        3: "4",
        4: "5",
        5: "6",
        6: "7",
        7: "8",
        8: "9",
        9: "21",
        10: "51",
        11: "52",
        12: "53",
    }

    STYLE_ATTRIBUTES = {
        "dim": "dim",
        "d": "dim",
        "bold": "bold",
        "b": "bold",
        "italic": "italic",
        "i": "italic",
        "underline": "underline",
        "u": "underline",
        "blink": "blink",
        "blink2": "blink2",
        "reverse": "reverse",
        "r": "reverse",
        "conceal": "conceal",
        "c": "conceal",
        "strike": "strike",
        "s": "strike",
        "underline2": "underline2",
        "uu": "underline2",
        "frame": "frame",
        "encircle": "encircle",
        "overline": "overline",
        "o": "overline",
    }

    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        color: Optional[Union[Color, str]] = None,
        bgcolor: Optional[Union[Color, str]] = None,
        bold: Optional[bool] = None,
        dim: Optional[bool] = None,
        italic: Optional[bool] = None,
        underline: Optional[bool] = None,
        blink: Optional[bool] = None,
        blink2: Optional[bool] = None,
        reverse: Optional[bool] = None,
        conceal: Optional[bool] = None,
        strike: Optional[bool] = None,
        underline2: Optional[bool] = None,
        frame: Optional[bool] = None,
        encircle: Optional[bool] = None,
        overline: Optional[bool] = None,
        link: Optional[str] = None,
        meta: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
    ):
        self._ansi: Optional[str] = None
        self._style_definition: Optional[str] = None

        def _make_color(color: Union[Color, str]) -> Color:
            return color if isinstance(color, Color) else Color.parse(color)

        self._color = None if color is None else _make_color(color)
        self._bgcolor = None if bgcolor is None else _make_color(bgcolor)
        self._set_attributes = sum(
            (
                bold is not None,
                dim is not None and 2,
                italic is not None and 4,
                underline is not None and 8,
                blink is not None and 16,
                blink2 is not None and 32,
                reverse is not None and 64,
                conceal is not None and 128,
                strike is not None and 256,
                underline2 is not None and 512,
                frame is not None and 1024,
                encircle is not None and 2048,
                overline is not None and 4096,
            )
        )
        self._attributes = (
            sum(
                (
                    bold and 1 or 0,
                    dim and 2 or 0,
                    italic and 4 or 0,
                    underline and 8 or 0,
                    blink and 16 or 0,
                    blink2 and 32 or 0,
                    reverse and 64 or 0,
                    conceal and 128 or 0,
                    strike and 256 or 0,
                    underline2 and 512 or 0,
                    frame and 1024 or 0,
                    encircle and 2048 or 0,
                    overline and 4096 or 0,
                )
            )
            if self._set_attributes
            else 0
        )

        self._link = link
        self._meta = None if meta is None else dumps(meta)
        self._link_id = (
            f"{randint(0, 999999)}{hash(self._meta)}" if (link or meta) else ""
        )
        self._hash: Optional[int] = None
        self._null = not (self._set_attributes or color or bgcolor or link or meta)

    @classmethod
    def null(cls) -> "Style":
        """Create an 'null' style, equivalent to Style(), but more performant."""
        return NULL_STYLE

    @classmethod
    def from_color(
        cls, color: Optional[Color] = None, bgcolor: Optional[Color] = None
    ) -> "Style":
        """Create a new style with colors and no attributes.

        Returns:
            color (Optional[Color]): A (foreground) color, or None for no color. Defaults to None.
            bgcolor (Optional[Color]): A (background) color, or None for no color. Defaults to None.
        """
        style: Style = cls.__new__(Style)
        style._ansi = None
        style._style_definition = None
        style._color = color
        style._bgcolor = bgcolor
        style._set_attributes = 0
        style._attributes = 0
        style._link = None
        style._link_id = ""
        style._meta = None
        style._null = not (color or bgcolor)
        style._hash = None
        return style

    @classmethod
    def from_meta(cls, meta: Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) -> "Style":
        """Create a new style with meta data.

        Returns:
            meta (Optional[Dict[str, Any]]): A dictionary of meta data. Defaults to None.
        """
        style: Style = cls.__new__(Style)
        style._ansi = None
        style._style_definition = None
        style._color = None
        style._bgcolor = None
        style._set_attributes = 0
        style._attributes = 0
        style._link = None
        style._meta = dumps(meta)
        style._link_id = f"{randint(0, 999999)}{hash(style._meta)}"
        style._hash = None
        style._null = not (meta)
        return style

    @classmethod
    def on(cls, meta: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None, **handlers: Any) -> "Style":
        """Create a blank style with meta information.

        Example:
            style = Style.on(click=self.on_click)

        Args:
            meta (Optional[Dict[str, Any]], optional): An optional dict of meta information.
            **handlers (Any): Keyword arguments are translated in to handlers.

        Returns:
            Style: A Style with meta information attached.
        """
        meta = {} if meta is None else meta
        meta.update({f"@{key}": value for key, value in handlers.items()})
        return cls.from_meta(meta)

    bold = _Bit(0)
    dim = _Bit(1)
    italic = _Bit(2)
    underline = _Bit(3)
    blink = _Bit(4)
    blink2 = _Bit(5)
    reverse = _Bit(6)
    conceal = _Bit(7)
    strike = _Bit(8)
    underline2 = _Bit(9)
    frame = _Bit(10)
    encircle = _Bit(11)
    overline = _Bit(12)

    @property
    def link_id(self) -> str:
        """Get a link id, used in ansi code for links."""
        return self._link_id

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        """Re-generate style definition from attributes."""
        if self._style_definition is None:
            attributes: List[str] = []
            append = attributes.append
            bits = self._set_attributes
            if bits & 0b0000000001111:
                if bits & 1:
                    append("bold" if self.bold else "not bold")
                if bits & (1 << 1):
                    append("dim" if self.dim else "not dim")
                if bits & (1 << 2):
                    append("italic" if self.italic else "not italic")
                if bits & (1 << 3):
                    append("underline" if self.underline else "not underline")
            if bits & 0b0000111110000:
                if bits & (1 << 4):
                    append("blink" if self.blink else "not blink")
                if bits & (1 << 5):
                    append("blink2" if self.blink2 else "not blink2")
                if bits & (1 << 6):
                    append("reverse" if self.reverse else "not reverse")
                if bits & (1 << 7):
                    append("conceal" if self.conceal else "not conceal")
                if bits & (1 << 8):
                    append("strike" if self.strike else "not strike")
            if bits & 0b1111000000000:
                if bits & (1 << 9):
                    append("underline2" if self.underline2 else "not underline2")
                if bits & (1 << 10):
                    append("frame" if self.frame else "not frame")
                if bits & (1 << 11):
                    append("encircle" if self.encircle else "not encircle")
                if bits & (1 << 12):
                    append("overline" if self.overline else "not overline")
            if self._color is not None:
                append(self._color.name)
            if self._bgcolor is not None:
                append("on")
                append(self._bgcolor.name)
            if self._link:
                append("link")
                append(self._link)
            self._style_definition = " ".join(attributes) or "none"
        return self._style_definition

    def __bool__(self) -> bool:
        """A Style is false if it has no attributes, colors, or links."""
        return not self._null

    def _make_ansi_codes(self, color_system: ColorSystem) -> str:
        """Generate ANSI codes for this style.

        Args:
            color_system (ColorSystem): Color system.

        Returns:
            str: String containing codes.
        """

        if self._ansi is None:
            sgr: List[str] = []
            append = sgr.append
            _style_map = self._style_map
            attributes = self._attributes & self._set_attributes
            if attributes:
                if attributes & 1:
                    append(_style_map[0])
                if attributes & 2:
                    append(_style_map[1])
                if attributes & 4:
                    append(_style_map[2])
                if attributes & 8:
                    append(_style_map[3])
                if attributes & 0b0000111110000:
                    for bit in range(4, 9):
                        if attributes & (1 << bit):
                            append(_style_map[bit])
                if attributes & 0b1111000000000:
                    for bit in range(9, 13):
                        if attributes & (1 << bit):
                            append(_style_map[bit])
            if self._color is not None:
                sgr.extend(self._color.downgrade(color_system).get_ansi_codes())
            if self._bgcolor is not None:
                sgr.extend(
                    self._bgcolor.downgrade(color_system).get_ansi_codes(
                        foreground=False
                    )
                )
            self._ansi = ";".join(sgr)
        return self._ansi

    @classmethod
    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
    def normalize(cls, style: str) -> str:
        """Normalize a style definition so that styles with the same effect have the same string
        representation.

        Args:
            style (str): A style definition.

        Returns:
            str: Normal form of style definition.
        """
        try:
            return str(cls.parse(style))
        except errors.StyleSyntaxError:
            return style.strip().lower()

    @classmethod
    def pick_first(cls, *values: Optional[StyleType]) -> StyleType:
        """Pick first non-None style."""
        for value in values:
            if value is not None:
                return value
        raise ValueError("expected at least one non-None style")

    def __rich_repr__(self) -> Result:
        yield "color", self.color, None
        yield "bgcolor", self.bgcolor, None
        yield "bold", self.bold, None,
        yield "dim", self.dim, None,
        yield "italic", self.italic, None
        yield "underline", self.underline, None,
        yield "blink", self.blink, None
        yield "blink2", self.blink2, None
        yield "reverse", self.reverse, None
        yield "conceal", self.conceal, None
        yield "strike", self.strike, None
        yield "underline2", self.underline2, None
        yield "frame", self.frame, None
        yield "encircle", self.encircle, None
        yield "link", self.link, None
        if self._meta:
            yield "meta", self.meta

    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
        if not isinstance(other, Style):
            return NotImplemented
        return self.__hash__() == other.__hash__()

    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
        if not isinstance(other, Style):
            return NotImplemented
        return self.__hash__() != other.__hash__()

    def __hash__(self) -> int:
        if self._hash is not None:
            return self._hash
        self._hash = hash(
            (
                self._color,
                self._bgcolor,
                self._attributes,
                self._set_attributes,
                self._link,
                self._meta,
            )
        )
        return self._hash

    @property
    def color(self) -> Optional[Color]:
        """The foreground color or None if it is not set."""
        return self._color

    @property
    def bgcolor(self) -> Optional[Color]:
        """The background color or None if it is not set."""
        return self._bgcolor

    @property
    def link(self) -> Optional[str]:
        """Link text, if set."""
        return self._link

    @property
    def transparent_background(self) -> bool:
        """Check if the style specified a transparent background."""
        return self.bgcolor is None or self.bgcolor.is_default

    @property
    def background_style(self) -> "Style":
        """A Style with background only."""
        return Style(bgcolor=self.bgcolor)

    @property
    def meta(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Get meta information (can not be changed after construction)."""
        return {} if self._meta is None else cast(Dict[str, Any], loads(self._meta))

    @property
    def without_color(self) -> "Style":
        """Get a copy of the style with color removed."""
        if self._null:
            return NULL_STYLE
        style: Style = self.__new__(Style)
        style._ansi = None
        style._style_definition = None
        style._color = None
        style._bgcolor = None
        style._attributes = self._attributes
        style._set_attributes = self._set_attributes
        style._link = self._link
        style._link_id = f"{randint(0, 999999)}" if self._link else ""
        style._null = False
        style._meta = None
        style._hash = None
        return style

    @classmethod
    @lru_cache(maxsize=4096)
    def parse(cls, style_definition: str) -> "Style":
        """Parse a style definition.

        Args:
            style_definition (str): A string containing a style.

        Raises:
            errors.StyleSyntaxError: If the style definition syntax is invalid.

        Returns:
            `Style`: A Style instance.
        """
        if style_definition.strip() == "none" or not style_definition:
            return cls.null()

        STYLE_ATTRIBUTES = cls.STYLE_ATTRIBUTES
        color: Optional[str] = None
        bgcolor: Optional[str] = None
        attributes: Dict[str, Optional[Any]] = {}
        link: Optional[str] = None

        words = iter(style_definition.split())
        for original_word in words:
            word = original_word.lower()
            if word == "on":
                word = next(words, "")
                if not word:
                    raise errors.StyleSyntaxError("color expected after 'on'")
                try:
                    Color.parse(word) is None
                except ColorParseError as error:
                    raise errors.StyleSyntaxError(
                        f"unable to parse {word!r} as background color; {error}"
                    ) from None
                bgcolor = word

            elif word == "not":
                word = next(words, "")
                attribute = STYLE_ATTRIBUTES.get(word)
                if attribute is None:
                    raise errors.StyleSyntaxError(
                        f"expected style attribute after 'not', found {word!r}"
                    )
                attributes[attribute] = False

            elif word == "link":
                word = next(words, "")
                if not word:
                    raise errors.StyleSyntaxError("URL expected after 'link'")
                link = word

            elif word in STYLE_ATTRIBUTES:
                attributes[STYLE_ATTRIBUTES[word]] = True

            else:
                try:
                    Color.parse(word)
                except ColorParseError as error:
                    raise errors.StyleSyntaxError(
                        f"unable to parse {word!r} as color; {error}"
                    ) from None
                color = word
        style = Style(color=color, bgcolor=bgcolor, link=link, **attributes)
        return style

    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
    def get_html_style(self, theme: Optional[TerminalTheme] = None) -> str:
        """Get a CSS style rule."""
        theme = theme or DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME
        css: List[str] = []
        append = css.append

        color = self.color
        bgcolor = self.bgcolor
        if self.reverse:
            color, bgcolor = bgcolor, color
        if self.dim:
            foreground_color = (
                theme.foreground_color if color is None else color.get_truecolor(theme)
            )
            color = Color.from_triplet(
                blend_rgb(foreground_color, theme.background_color, 0.5)
            )
        if color is not None:
            theme_color = color.get_truecolor(theme)
            append(f"color: {theme_color.hex}")
            append(f"text-decoration-color: {theme_color.hex}")
        if bgcolor is not None:
            theme_color = bgcolor.get_truecolor(theme, foreground=False)
            append(f"background-color: {theme_color.hex}")
        if self.bold:
            append("font-weight: bold")
        if self.italic:
            append("font-style: italic")
        if self.underline:
            append("text-decoration: underline")
        if self.strike:
            append("text-decoration: line-through")
        if self.overline:
            append("text-decoration: overline")
        return "; ".join(css)

    @classmethod
    def combine(cls, styles: Iterable["Style"]) -> "Style":
        """Combine styles and get result.

        Args:
            styles (Iterable[Style]): Styles to combine.

        Returns:
            Style: A new style instance.
        """
        iter_styles = iter(styles)
        return sum(iter_styles, next(iter_styles))

    @classmethod
    def chain(cls, *styles: "Style") -> "Style":
        """Combine styles from positional argument in to a single style.

        Args:
            *styles (Iterable[Style]): Styles to combine.

        Returns:
            Style: A new style instance.
        """
        iter_styles = iter(styles)
        return sum(iter_styles, next(iter_styles))

    def copy(self) -> "Style":
        """Get a copy of this style.

        Returns:
            Style: A new Style instance with identical attributes.
        """
        if self._null:
            return NULL_STYLE
        style: Style = self.__new__(Style)
        style._ansi = self._ansi
        style._style_definition = self._style_definition
        style._color = self._color
        style._bgcolor = self._bgcolor
        style._attributes = self._attributes
        style._set_attributes = self._set_attributes
        style._link = self._link
        style._link_id = f"{randint(0, 999999)}" if self._link else ""
        style._hash = self._hash
        style._null = False
        style._meta = self._meta
        return style

    @lru_cache(maxsize=128)
    def clear_meta_and_links(self) -> "Style":
        """Get a copy of this style with link and meta information removed.

        Returns:
            Style: New style object.
        """
        if self._null:
            return NULL_STYLE
        style: Style = self.__new__(Style)
        style._ansi = self._ansi
        style._style_definition = self._style_definition
        style._color = self._color
        style._bgcolor = self._bgcolor
        style._attributes = self._attributes
        style._set_attributes = self._set_attributes
        style._link = None
        style._link_id = ""
        style._hash = self._hash
        style._null = False
        style._meta = None
        return style

    def update_link(self, link: Optional[str] = None) -> "Style":
        """Get a copy with a different value for link.

        Args:
            link (str, optional): New value for link. Defaults to None.

        Returns:
            Style: A new Style instance.
        """
        style: Style = self.__new__(Style)
        style._ansi = self._ansi
        style._style_definition = self._style_definition
        style._color = self._color
        style._bgcolor = self._bgcolor
        style._attributes = self._attributes
        style._set_attributes = self._set_attributes
        style._link = link
        style._link_id = f"{randint(0, 999999)}" if link else ""
        style._hash = None
        style._null = False
        style._meta = self._meta
        return style

    def render(
        self,
        text: str = "",
        *,
        color_system: Optional[ColorSystem] = ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR,
        legacy_windows: bool = False,
    ) -> str:
        """Render the ANSI codes for the style.

        Args:
            text (str, optional): A string to style. Defaults to "".
            color_system (Optional[ColorSystem], optional): Color system to render to. Defaults to ColorSystem.TRUECOLOR.

        Returns:
            str: A string containing ANSI style codes.
        """
        if not text or color_system is None:
            return text
        attrs = self._ansi or self._make_ansi_codes(color_system)
        rendered = f"\x1b[{attrs}m{text}\x1b[0m" if attrs else text
        if self._link and not legacy_windows:
            rendered = (
                f"\x1b]8;id={self._link_id};{self._link}\x1b\\{rendered}\x1b]8;;\x1b\\"
            )
        return rendered

    def test(self, text: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
        """Write text with style directly to terminal.

        This method is for testing purposes only.

        Args:
            text (Optional[str], optional): Text to style or None for style name.

        """
        text = text or str(self)
        sys.stdout.write(f"{self.render(text)}\n")

    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
    def _add(self, style: Optional["Style"]) -> "Style":
        if style is None or style._null:
            return self
        if self._null:
            return style
        new_style: Style = self.__new__(Style)
        new_style._ansi = None
        new_style._style_definition = None
        new_style._color = style._color or self._color
        new_style._bgcolor = style._bgcolor or self._bgcolor
        new_style._attributes = (self._attributes & ~style._set_attributes) | (
            style._attributes & style._set_attributes
        )
        new_style._set_attributes = self._set_attributes | style._set_attributes
        new_style._link = style._link or self._link
        new_style._link_id = style._link_id or self._link_id
        new_style._null = style._null
        if self._meta and style._meta:
            new_style._meta = dumps({**self.meta, **style.meta})
        else:
            new_style._meta = self._meta or style._meta
        new_style._hash = None
        return new_style

    def __add__(self, style: Optional["Style"]) -> "Style":
        combined_style = self._add(style)
        return combined_style.copy() if combined_style.link else combined_style


NULL_STYLE = Style()


class StyleStack:
    """A stack of styles."""

    __slots__ = ["_stack"]

    def __init__(self, default_style: "Style") -> None:
        self._stack: List[Style] = [default_style]

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return f"<stylestack {self._stack!r}>"

    @property
    def current(self) -> Style:
        """Get the Style at the top of the stack."""
        return self._stack[-1]

    def push(self, style: Style) -> None:
        """Push a new style on to the stack.

        Args:
            style (Style): New style to combine with current style.
        """
        self._stack.append(self._stack[-1] + style)

    def pop(self) -> Style:
        """Pop last style and discard.

        Returns:
            Style: New current style (also available as stack.current)
        """
        self._stack.pop()
        return self._stack[-1]

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