from __future__ import absolute_import

import datetime
import logging
import os
import re
import socket
import warnings
from socket import error as SocketError
from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout

from .packages import six
from .packages.six.moves.http_client import HTTPConnection as _HTTPConnection
from .packages.six.moves.http_client import HTTPException  # noqa: F401
from .util.proxy import create_proxy_ssl_context

try:  # Compiled with SSL?
    import ssl

    BaseSSLError = ssl.SSLError
except (ImportError, AttributeError):  # Platform-specific: No SSL.
    ssl = None

    class BaseSSLError(BaseException):
        pass


try:
    # Python 3: not a no-op, we're adding this to the namespace so it can be imported.
    ConnectionError = ConnectionError
except NameError:
    # Python 2
    class ConnectionError(Exception):
        pass


try:  # Python 3:
    # Not a no-op, we're adding this to the namespace so it can be imported.
    BrokenPipeError = BrokenPipeError
except NameError:  # Python 2:

    class BrokenPipeError(Exception):
        pass


from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict  # noqa (historical, removed in v2)
from ._version import __version__
from .exceptions import (
    ConnectTimeoutError,
    NewConnectionError,
    SubjectAltNameWarning,
    SystemTimeWarning,
)
from .util import SKIP_HEADER, SKIPPABLE_HEADERS, connection
from .util.ssl_ import (
    assert_fingerprint,
    create_urllib3_context,
    is_ipaddress,
    resolve_cert_reqs,
    resolve_ssl_version,
    ssl_wrap_socket,
)
from .util.ssl_match_hostname import CertificateError, match_hostname

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

port_by_scheme = {"http": 80, "https": 443}

# When it comes time to update this value as a part of regular maintenance
# (ie test_recent_date is failing) update it to ~6 months before the current date.
RECENT_DATE = datetime.date(2024, 1, 1)

_CONTAINS_CONTROL_CHAR_RE = re.compile(r"[^-!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]")


class HTTPConnection(_HTTPConnection, object):
    """
    Based on :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection` but provides an extra constructor
    backwards-compatibility layer between older and newer Pythons.

    Additional keyword parameters are used to configure attributes of the connection.
    Accepted parameters include:

    - ``strict``: See the documentation on :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool`
    - ``source_address``: Set the source address for the current connection.
    - ``socket_options``: Set specific options on the underlying socket. If not specified, then
      defaults are loaded from ``HTTPConnection.default_socket_options`` which includes disabling
      Nagle's algorithm (sets TCP_NODELAY to 1) unless the connection is behind a proxy.

      For example, if you wish to enable TCP Keep Alive in addition to the defaults,
      you might pass:

      .. code-block:: python

         HTTPConnection.default_socket_options + [
             (socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1),
         ]

      Or you may want to disable the defaults by passing an empty list (e.g., ``[]``).
    """

    default_port = port_by_scheme["http"]

    #: Disable Nagle's algorithm by default.
    #: ``[(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)]``
    default_socket_options = [(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)]

    #: Whether this connection verifies the host's certificate.
    is_verified = False

    #: Whether this proxy connection (if used) verifies the proxy host's
    #: certificate.
    proxy_is_verified = None

    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
        if not six.PY2:
            kw.pop("strict", None)

        # Pre-set source_address.
        self.source_address = kw.get("source_address")

        #: The socket options provided by the user. If no options are
        #: provided, we use the default options.
        self.socket_options = kw.pop("socket_options", self.default_socket_options)

        # Proxy options provided by the user.
        self.proxy = kw.pop("proxy", None)
        self.proxy_config = kw.pop("proxy_config", None)

        _HTTPConnection.__init__(self, *args, **kw)

    @property
    def host(self):
        """
        Getter method to remove any trailing dots that indicate the hostname is an FQDN.

        In general, SSL certificates don't include the trailing dot indicating a
        fully-qualified domain name, and thus, they don't validate properly when
        checked against a domain name that includes the dot. In addition, some
        servers may not expect to receive the trailing dot when provided.

        However, the hostname with trailing dot is critical to DNS resolution; doing a
        lookup with the trailing dot will properly only resolve the appropriate FQDN,
        whereas a lookup without a trailing dot will search the system's search domain
        list. Thus, it's important to keep the original host around for use only in
        those cases where it's appropriate (i.e., when doing DNS lookup to establish the
        actual TCP connection across which we're going to send HTTP requests).
        """
        return self._dns_host.rstrip(".")

    @host.setter
    def host(self, value):
        """
        Setter for the `host` property.

        We assume that only urllib3 uses the _dns_host attribute; httplib itself
        only uses `host`, and it seems reasonable that other libraries follow suit.
        """
        self._dns_host = value

    def _new_conn(self):
        """Establish a socket connection and set nodelay settings on it.

        :return: New socket connection.
        """
        extra_kw = {}
        if self.source_address:
            extra_kw["source_address"] = self.source_address

        if self.socket_options:
            extra_kw["socket_options"] = self.socket_options

        try:
            conn = connection.create_connection(
                (self._dns_host, self.port), self.timeout, **extra_kw
            )

        except SocketTimeout:
            raise ConnectTimeoutError(
                self,
                "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)"
                % (self.host, self.timeout),
            )

        except SocketError as e:
            raise NewConnectionError(
                self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e
            )

        return conn

    def _is_using_tunnel(self):
        # Google App Engine's httplib does not define _tunnel_host
        return getattr(self, "_tunnel_host", None)

    def _prepare_conn(self, conn):
        self.sock = conn
        if self._is_using_tunnel():
            # TODO: Fix tunnel so it doesn't depend on self.sock state.
            self._tunnel()
            # Mark this connection as not reusable
            self.auto_open = 0

    def connect(self):
        conn = self._new_conn()
        self._prepare_conn(conn)

    def putrequest(self, method, url, *args, **kwargs):
        """ """
        # Empty docstring because the indentation of CPython's implementation
        # is broken but we don't want this method in our documentation.
        match = _CONTAINS_CONTROL_CHAR_RE.search(method)
        if match:
            raise ValueError(
                "Method cannot contain non-token characters %r (found at least %r)"
                % (method, match.group())
            )

        return _HTTPConnection.putrequest(self, method, url, *args, **kwargs)

    def putheader(self, header, *values):
        """ """
        if not any(isinstance(v, str) and v == SKIP_HEADER for v in values):
            _HTTPConnection.putheader(self, header, *values)
        elif six.ensure_str(header.lower()) not in SKIPPABLE_HEADERS:
            raise ValueError(
                "urllib3.util.SKIP_HEADER only supports '%s'"
                % ("', '".join(map(str.title, sorted(SKIPPABLE_HEADERS))),)
            )

    def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None):
        # Update the inner socket's timeout value to send the request.
        # This only triggers if the connection is re-used.
        if getattr(self, "sock", None) is not None:
            self.sock.settimeout(self.timeout)

        if headers is None:
            headers = {}
        else:
            # Avoid modifying the headers passed into .request()
            headers = headers.copy()
        if "user-agent" not in (six.ensure_str(k.lower()) for k in headers):
            headers["User-Agent"] = _get_default_user_agent()
        super(HTTPConnection, self).request(method, url, body=body, headers=headers)

    def request_chunked(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None):
        """
        Alternative to the common request method, which sends the
        body with chunked encoding and not as one block
        """
        headers = headers or {}
        header_keys = set([six.ensure_str(k.lower()) for k in headers])
        skip_accept_encoding = "accept-encoding" in header_keys
        skip_host = "host" in header_keys
        self.putrequest(
            method, url, skip_accept_encoding=skip_accept_encoding, skip_host=skip_host
        )
        if "user-agent" not in header_keys:
            self.putheader("User-Agent", _get_default_user_agent())
        for header, value in headers.items():
            self.putheader(header, value)
        if "transfer-encoding" not in header_keys:
            self.putheader("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")
        self.endheaders()

        if body is not None:
            stringish_types = six.string_types + (bytes,)
            if isinstance(body, stringish_types):
                body = (body,)
            for chunk in body:
                if not chunk:
                    continue
                if not isinstance(chunk, bytes):
                    chunk = chunk.encode("utf8")
                len_str = hex(len(chunk))[2:]
                to_send = bytearray(len_str.encode())
                to_send += b"\r\n"
                to_send += chunk
                to_send += b"\r\n"
                self.send(to_send)

        # After the if clause, to always have a closed body
        self.send(b"0\r\n\r\n")


class HTTPSConnection(HTTPConnection):
    """
    Many of the parameters to this constructor are passed to the underlying SSL
    socket by means of :py:func:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket`.
    """

    default_port = port_by_scheme["https"]

    cert_reqs = None
    ca_certs = None
    ca_cert_dir = None
    ca_cert_data = None
    ssl_version = None
    assert_fingerprint = None
    tls_in_tls_required = False

    def __init__(
        self,
        host,
        port=None,
        key_file=None,
        cert_file=None,
        key_password=None,
        strict=None,
        timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
        ssl_context=None,
        server_hostname=None,
        **kw
    ):

        HTTPConnection.__init__(self, host, port, strict=strict, timeout=timeout, **kw)

        self.key_file = key_file
        self.cert_file = cert_file
        self.key_password = key_password
        self.ssl_context = ssl_context
        self.server_hostname = server_hostname

        # Required property for Google AppEngine 1.9.0 which otherwise causes
        # HTTPS requests to go out as HTTP. (See Issue #356)
        self._protocol = "https"

    def set_cert(
        self,
        key_file=None,
        cert_file=None,
        cert_reqs=None,
        key_password=None,
        ca_certs=None,
        assert_hostname=None,
        assert_fingerprint=None,
        ca_cert_dir=None,
        ca_cert_data=None,
    ):
        """
        This method should only be called once, before the connection is used.
        """
        # If cert_reqs is not provided we'll assume CERT_REQUIRED unless we also
        # have an SSLContext object in which case we'll use its verify_mode.
        if cert_reqs is None:
            if self.ssl_context is not None:
                cert_reqs = self.ssl_context.verify_mode
            else:
                cert_reqs = resolve_cert_reqs(None)

        self.key_file = key_file
        self.cert_file = cert_file
        self.cert_reqs = cert_reqs
        self.key_password = key_password
        self.assert_hostname = assert_hostname
        self.assert_fingerprint = assert_fingerprint
        self.ca_certs = ca_certs and os.path.expanduser(ca_certs)
        self.ca_cert_dir = ca_cert_dir and os.path.expanduser(ca_cert_dir)
        self.ca_cert_data = ca_cert_data

    def connect(self):
        # Add certificate verification
        self.sock = conn = self._new_conn()
        hostname = self.host
        tls_in_tls = False

        if self._is_using_tunnel():
            if self.tls_in_tls_required:
                self.sock = conn = self._connect_tls_proxy(hostname, conn)
                tls_in_tls = True

            # Calls self._set_hostport(), so self.host is
            # self._tunnel_host below.
            self._tunnel()
            # Mark this connection as not reusable
            self.auto_open = 0

            # Override the host with the one we're requesting data from.
            hostname = self._tunnel_host

        server_hostname = hostname
        if self.server_hostname is not None:
            server_hostname = self.server_hostname

        is_time_off = datetime.date.today() < RECENT_DATE
        if is_time_off:
            warnings.warn(
                (
                    "System time is way off (before {0}). This will probably "
                    "lead to SSL verification errors"
                ).format(RECENT_DATE),
                SystemTimeWarning,
            )

        # Wrap socket using verification with the root certs in
        # trusted_root_certs
        default_ssl_context = False
        if self.ssl_context is None:
            default_ssl_context = True
            self.ssl_context = create_urllib3_context(
                ssl_version=resolve_ssl_version(self.ssl_version),
                cert_reqs=resolve_cert_reqs(self.cert_reqs),
            )

        context = self.ssl_context
        context.verify_mode = resolve_cert_reqs(self.cert_reqs)

        # Try to load OS default certs if none are given.
        # Works well on Windows (requires Python3.4+)
        if (
            not self.ca_certs
            and not self.ca_cert_dir
            and not self.ca_cert_data
            and default_ssl_context
            and hasattr(context, "load_default_certs")
        ):
            context.load_default_certs()

        self.sock = ssl_wrap_socket(
            sock=conn,
            keyfile=self.key_file,
            certfile=self.cert_file,
            key_password=self.key_password,
            ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
            ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
            ca_cert_data=self.ca_cert_data,
            server_hostname=server_hostname,
            ssl_context=context,
            tls_in_tls=tls_in_tls,
        )

        # If we're using all defaults and the connection
        # is TLSv1 or TLSv1.1 we throw a DeprecationWarning
        # for the host.
        if (
            default_ssl_context
            and self.ssl_version is None
            and hasattr(self.sock, "version")
            and self.sock.version() in {"TLSv1", "TLSv1.1"}
        ):  # Defensive:
            warnings.warn(
                "Negotiating TLSv1/TLSv1.1 by default is deprecated "
                "and will be disabled in urllib3 v2.0.0. Connecting to "
                "'%s' with '%s' can be enabled by explicitly opting-in "
                "with 'ssl_version'" % (self.host, self.sock.version()),
                DeprecationWarning,
            )

        if self.assert_fingerprint:
            assert_fingerprint(
                self.sock.getpeercert(binary_form=True), self.assert_fingerprint
            )
        elif (
            context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_NONE
            and not getattr(context, "check_hostname", False)
            and self.assert_hostname is not False
        ):
            # While urllib3 attempts to always turn off hostname matching from
            # the TLS library, this cannot always be done. So we check whether
            # the TLS Library still thinks it's matching hostnames.
            cert = self.sock.getpeercert()
            if not cert.get("subjectAltName", ()):
                warnings.warn(
                    (
                        "Certificate for {0} has no `subjectAltName`, falling back to check for a "
                        "`commonName` for now. This feature is being removed by major browsers and "
                        "deprecated by RFC 2818. (See https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/497 "
                        "for details.)".format(hostname)
                    ),
                    SubjectAltNameWarning,
                )
            _match_hostname(cert, self.assert_hostname or server_hostname)

        self.is_verified = (
            context.verify_mode == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
            or self.assert_fingerprint is not None
        )

    def _connect_tls_proxy(self, hostname, conn):
        """
        Establish a TLS connection to the proxy using the provided SSL context.
        """
        proxy_config = self.proxy_config
        ssl_context = proxy_config.ssl_context
        if ssl_context:
            # If the user provided a proxy context, we assume CA and client
            # certificates have already been set
            return ssl_wrap_socket(
                sock=conn,
                server_hostname=hostname,
                ssl_context=ssl_context,
            )

        ssl_context = create_proxy_ssl_context(
            self.ssl_version,
            self.cert_reqs,
            self.ca_certs,
            self.ca_cert_dir,
            self.ca_cert_data,
        )

        # If no cert was provided, use only the default options for server
        # certificate validation
        socket = ssl_wrap_socket(
            sock=conn,
            ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
            ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
            ca_cert_data=self.ca_cert_data,
            server_hostname=hostname,
            ssl_context=ssl_context,
        )

        if ssl_context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_NONE and not getattr(
            ssl_context, "check_hostname", False
        ):
            # While urllib3 attempts to always turn off hostname matching from
            # the TLS library, this cannot always be done. So we check whether
            # the TLS Library still thinks it's matching hostnames.
            cert = socket.getpeercert()
            if not cert.get("subjectAltName", ()):
                warnings.warn(
                    (
                        "Certificate for {0} has no `subjectAltName`, falling back to check for a "
                        "`commonName` for now. This feature is being removed by major browsers and "
                        "deprecated by RFC 2818. (See https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/497 "
                        "for details.)".format(hostname)
                    ),
                    SubjectAltNameWarning,
                )
            _match_hostname(cert, hostname)

        self.proxy_is_verified = ssl_context.verify_mode == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
        return socket


def _match_hostname(cert, asserted_hostname):
    # Our upstream implementation of ssl.match_hostname()
    # only applies this normalization to IP addresses so it doesn't
    # match DNS SANs so we do the same thing!
    stripped_hostname = asserted_hostname.strip("u[]")
    if is_ipaddress(stripped_hostname):
        asserted_hostname = stripped_hostname

    try:
        match_hostname(cert, asserted_hostname)
    except CertificateError as e:
        log.warning(
            "Certificate did not match expected hostname: %s. Certificate: %s",
            asserted_hostname,
            cert,
        )
        # Add cert to exception and reraise so client code can inspect
        # the cert when catching the exception, if they want to
        e._peer_cert = cert
        raise


def _get_default_user_agent():
    return "python-urllib3/%s" % __version__


class DummyConnection(object):
    """Used to detect a failed ConnectionCls import."""

    pass


if not ssl:
    HTTPSConnection = DummyConnection  # noqa: F811


VerifiedHTTPSConnection = HTTPSConnection

from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Sequence

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from pip._vendor.rich.console import ConsoleRenderable

from . import get_console
from .segment import Segment
from .terminal_theme import DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from pip._vendor.rich.console import ConsoleRenderable

JUPYTER_HTML_FORMAT = """\
<pre style="white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto;line-height:normal;font-family:Menlo,'DejaVu Sans Mono',consolas,'Courier New',monospace">{code}</pre>
"""


class JupyterRenderable:
    """A shim to write html to Jupyter notebook."""

    def __init__(self, html: str, text: str) -> None:
        self.html = html
        self.text = text

    def _repr_mimebundle_(
        self, include: Sequence[str], exclude: Sequence[str], **kwargs: Any
    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
        data = {"text/plain": self.text, "text/html": self.html}
        if include:
            data = {k: v for (k, v) in data.items() if k in include}
        if exclude:
            data = {k: v for (k, v) in data.items() if k not in exclude}
        return data


class JupyterMixin:
    """Add to an Rich renderable to make it render in Jupyter notebook."""

    __slots__ = ()

    def _repr_mimebundle_(
        self: "ConsoleRenderable",
        include: Sequence[str],
        exclude: Sequence[str],
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> Dict[str, str]:
        console = get_console()
        segments = list(console.render(self, console.options))
        html = _render_segments(segments)
        text = console._render_buffer(segments)
        data = {"text/plain": text, "text/html": html}
        if include:
            data = {k: v for (k, v) in data.items() if k in include}
        if exclude:
            data = {k: v for (k, v) in data.items() if k not in exclude}
        return data


def _render_segments(segments: Iterable[Segment]) -> str:
    def escape(text: str) -> str:
        """Escape html."""
        return text.replace("&", "&amp;").replace("<", "&lt;").replace(">", "&gt;")

    fragments: List[str] = []
    append_fragment = fragments.append
    theme = DEFAULT_TERMINAL_THEME
    for text, style, control in Segment.simplify(segments):
        if control:
            continue
        text = escape(text)
        if style:
            rule = style.get_html_style(theme)
            text = f'<span style="{rule}">{text}</span>' if rule else text
            if style.link:
                text = f'<a href="{style.link}" target="_blank">{text}</a>'
        append_fragment(text)

    code = "".join(fragments)
    html = JUPYTER_HTML_FORMAT.format(code=code)

    return html


def display(segments: Iterable[Segment], text: str) -> None:
    """Render segments to Jupyter."""
    html = _render_segments(segments)
    jupyter_renderable = JupyterRenderable(html, text)
    try:
        from IPython.display import display as ipython_display

        ipython_display(jupyter_renderable)
    except ModuleNotFoundError:
        # Handle the case where the Console has force_jupyter=True,
        # but IPython is not installed.
        pass


def print(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
    """Proxy for Console print."""
    console = get_console()
    return console.print(*args, **kwargs)

from __future__ import absolute_import

try:
    from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping
except ImportError:
    from collections import Mapping, MutableMapping
try:
    from threading import RLock
except ImportError:  # Platform-specific: No threads available

    class RLock:
        def __enter__(self):
            pass

        def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
            pass


from collections import OrderedDict

from .exceptions import InvalidHeader
from .packages import six
from .packages.six import iterkeys, itervalues

__all__ = ["RecentlyUsedContainer", "HTTPHeaderDict"]


_Null = object()


class RecentlyUsedContainer(MutableMapping):
    """
    Provides a thread-safe dict-like container which maintains up to
    ``maxsize`` keys while throwing away the least-recently-used keys beyond
    ``maxsize``.

    :param maxsize:
        Maximum number of recent elements to retain.

    :param dispose_func:
        Every time an item is evicted from the container,
        ``dispose_func(value)`` is called.  Callback which will get called
    """

    ContainerCls = OrderedDict

    def __init__(self, maxsize=10, dispose_func=None):
        self._maxsize = maxsize
        self.dispose_func = dispose_func

        self._container = self.ContainerCls()
        self.lock = RLock()

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        # Re-insert the item, moving it to the end of the eviction line.
        with self.lock:
            item = self._container.pop(key)
            self._container[key] = item
            return item

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        evicted_value = _Null
        with self.lock:
            # Possibly evict the existing value of 'key'
            evicted_value = self._container.get(key, _Null)
            self._container[key] = value

            # If we didn't evict an existing value, we might have to evict the
            # least recently used item from the beginning of the container.
            if len(self._container) > self._maxsize:
                _key, evicted_value = self._container.popitem(last=False)

        if self.dispose_func and evicted_value is not _Null:
            self.dispose_func(evicted_value)

    def __delitem__(self, key):
        with self.lock:
            value = self._container.pop(key)

        if self.dispose_func:
            self.dispose_func(value)

    def __len__(self):
        with self.lock:
            return len(self._container)

    def __iter__(self):
        raise NotImplementedError(
            "Iteration over this class is unlikely to be threadsafe."
        )

    def clear(self):
        with self.lock:
            # Copy pointers to all values, then wipe the mapping
            values = list(itervalues(self._container))
            self._container.clear()

        if self.dispose_func:
            for value in values:
                self.dispose_func(value)

    def keys(self):
        with self.lock:
            return list(iterkeys(self._container))


class HTTPHeaderDict(MutableMapping):
    """
    :param headers:
        An iterable of field-value pairs. Must not contain multiple field names
        when compared case-insensitively.

    :param kwargs:
        Additional field-value pairs to pass in to ``dict.update``.

    A ``dict`` like container for storing HTTP Headers.

    Field names are stored and compared case-insensitively in compliance with
    RFC 7230. Iteration provides the first case-sensitive key seen for each
    case-insensitive pair.

    Using ``__setitem__`` syntax overwrites fields that compare equal
    case-insensitively in order to maintain ``dict``'s api. For fields that
    compare equal, instead create a new ``HTTPHeaderDict`` and use ``.add``
    in a loop.

    If multiple fields that are equal case-insensitively are passed to the
    constructor or ``.update``, the behavior is undefined and some will be
    lost.

    >>> headers = HTTPHeaderDict()
    >>> headers.add('Set-Cookie', 'foo=bar')
    >>> headers.add('set-cookie', 'baz=quxx')
    >>> headers['content-length'] = '7'
    >>> headers['SET-cookie']
    'foo=bar, baz=quxx'
    >>> headers['Content-Length']
    '7'
    """

    def __init__(self, headers=None, **kwargs):
        super(HTTPHeaderDict, self).__init__()
        self._container = OrderedDict()
        if headers is not None:
            if isinstance(headers, HTTPHeaderDict):
                self._copy_from(headers)
            else:
                self.extend(headers)
        if kwargs:
            self.extend(kwargs)

    def __setitem__(self, key, val):
        self._container[key.lower()] = [key, val]
        return self._container[key.lower()]

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        val = self._container[key.lower()]
        return ", ".join(val[1:])

    def __delitem__(self, key):
        del self._container[key.lower()]

    def __contains__(self, key):
        return key.lower() in self._container

    def __eq__(self, other):
        if not isinstance(other, Mapping) and not hasattr(other, "keys"):
            return False
        if not isinstance(other, type(self)):
            other = type(self)(other)
        return dict((k.lower(), v) for k, v in self.itermerged()) == dict(
            (k.lower(), v) for k, v in other.itermerged()
        )

    def __ne__(self, other):
        return not self.__eq__(other)

    if six.PY2:  # Python 2
        iterkeys = MutableMapping.iterkeys
        itervalues = MutableMapping.itervalues

    __marker = object()

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self._container)

    def __iter__(self):
        # Only provide the originally cased names
        for vals in self._container.values():
            yield vals[0]

    def pop(self, key, default=__marker):
        """D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
        If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised.
        """
        # Using the MutableMapping function directly fails due to the private marker.
        # Using ordinary dict.pop would expose the internal structures.
        # So let's reinvent the wheel.
        try:
            value = self[key]
        except KeyError:
            if default is self.__marker:
                raise
            return default
        else:
            del self[key]
            return value

    def discard(self, key):
        try:
            del self[key]
        except KeyError:
            pass

    def add(self, key, val):
        """Adds a (name, value) pair, doesn't overwrite the value if it already
        exists.

        >>> headers = HTTPHeaderDict(foo='bar')
        >>> headers.add('Foo', 'baz')
        >>> headers['foo']
        'bar, baz'
        """
        key_lower = key.lower()
        new_vals = [key, val]
        # Keep the common case aka no item present as fast as possible
        vals = self._container.setdefault(key_lower, new_vals)
        if new_vals is not vals:
            vals.append(val)

    def extend(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """Generic import function for any type of header-like object.
        Adapted version of MutableMapping.update in order to insert items
        with self.add instead of self.__setitem__
        """
        if len(args) > 1:
            raise TypeError(
                "extend() takes at most 1 positional "
                "arguments ({0} given)".format(len(args))
            )
        other = args[0] if len(args) >= 1 else ()

        if isinstance(other, HTTPHeaderDict):
            for key, val in other.iteritems():
                self.add(key, val)
        elif isinstance(other, Mapping):
            for key in other:
                self.add(key, other[key])
        elif hasattr(other, "keys"):
            for key in other.keys():
                self.add(key, other[key])
        else:
            for key, value in other:
                self.add(key, value)

        for key, value in kwargs.items():
            self.add(key, value)

    def getlist(self, key, default=__marker):
        """Returns a list of all the values for the named field. Returns an
        empty list if the key doesn't exist."""
        try:
            vals = self._container[key.lower()]
        except KeyError:
            if default is self.__marker:
                return []
            return default
        else:
            return vals[1:]

    def _prepare_for_method_change(self):
        """
        Remove content-specific header fields before changing the request
        method to GET or HEAD according to RFC 9110, Section 15.4.
        """
        content_specific_headers = [
            "Content-Encoding",
            "Content-Language",
            "Content-Location",
            "Content-Type",
            "Content-Length",
            "Digest",
            "Last-Modified",
        ]
        for header in content_specific_headers:
            self.discard(header)
        return self

    # Backwards compatibility for httplib
    getheaders = getlist
    getallmatchingheaders = getlist
    iget = getlist

    # Backwards compatibility for http.cookiejar
    get_all = getlist

    def __repr__(self):
        return "%s(%s)" % (type(self).__name__, dict(self.itermerged()))

    def _copy_from(self, other):
        for key in other:
            val = other.getlist(key)
            if isinstance(val, list):
                # Don't need to convert tuples
                val = list(val)
            self._container[key.lower()] = [key] + val

    def copy(self):
        clone = type(self)()
        clone._copy_from(self)
        return clone

    def iteritems(self):
        """Iterate over all header lines, including duplicate ones."""
        for key in self:
            vals = self._container[key.lower()]
            for val in vals[1:]:
                yield vals[0], val

    def itermerged(self):
        """Iterate over all headers, merging duplicate ones together."""
        for key in self:
            val = self._container[key.lower()]
            yield val[0], ", ".join(val[1:])

    def items(self):
        return list(self.iteritems())

    @classmethod
    def from_httplib(cls, message):  # Python 2
        """Read headers from a Python 2 httplib message object."""
        # python2.7 does not expose a proper API for exporting multiheaders
        # efficiently. This function re-reads raw lines from the message
        # object and extracts the multiheaders properly.
        obs_fold_continued_leaders = (" ", "\t")
        headers = []

        for line in message.headers:
            if line.startswith(obs_fold_continued_leaders):
                if not headers:
                    # We received a header line that starts with OWS as described
                    # in RFC-7230 S3.2.4. This indicates a multiline header, but
                    # there exists no previous header to which we can attach it.
                    raise InvalidHeader(
                        "Header continuation with no previous header: %s" % line
                    )
                else:
                    key, value = headers[-1]
                    headers[-1] = (key, value + " " + line.strip())
                    continue

            key, value = line.split(":", 1)
            headers.append((key, value.strip()))

        return cls(headers)