# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Copyright (C) 2013-2023 Vinay Sajip.
# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
#
import hashlib
import logging
import os
import shutil
import subprocess
import tempfile
try:
    from threading import Thread
except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
    from dummy_threading import Thread

from . import DistlibException
from .compat import (HTTPBasicAuthHandler, Request, HTTPPasswordMgr,
                     urlparse, build_opener, string_types)
from .util import zip_dir, ServerProxy

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

DEFAULT_INDEX = 'https://pypi.org/pypi'
DEFAULT_REALM = 'pypi'


class PackageIndex(object):
    """
    This class represents a package index compatible with PyPI, the Python
    Package Index.
    """

    boundary = b'----------ThIs_Is_tHe_distlib_index_bouNdaRY_$'

    def __init__(self, url=None):
        """
        Initialise an instance.

        :param url: The URL of the index. If not specified, the URL for PyPI is
                    used.
        """
        self.url = url or DEFAULT_INDEX
        self.read_configuration()
        scheme, netloc, path, params, query, frag = urlparse(self.url)
        if params or query or frag or scheme not in ('http', 'https'):
            raise DistlibException('invalid repository: %s' % self.url)
        self.password_handler = None
        self.ssl_verifier = None
        self.gpg = None
        self.gpg_home = None
        with open(os.devnull, 'w') as sink:
            # Use gpg by default rather than gpg2, as gpg2 insists on
            # prompting for passwords
            for s in ('gpg', 'gpg2'):
                try:
                    rc = subprocess.check_call([s, '--version'], stdout=sink,
                                               stderr=sink)
                    if rc == 0:
                        self.gpg = s
                        break
                except OSError:
                    pass

    def _get_pypirc_command(self):
        """
        Get the distutils command for interacting with PyPI configurations.
        :return: the command.
        """
        from .util import _get_pypirc_command as cmd
        return cmd()

    def read_configuration(self):
        """
        Read the PyPI access configuration as supported by distutils. This populates
        ``username``, ``password``, ``realm`` and ``url`` attributes from the
        configuration.
        """
        from .util import _load_pypirc
        cfg = _load_pypirc(self)
        self.username = cfg.get('username')
        self.password = cfg.get('password')
        self.realm = cfg.get('realm', 'pypi')
        self.url = cfg.get('repository', self.url)

    def save_configuration(self):
        """
        Save the PyPI access configuration. You must have set ``username`` and
        ``password`` attributes before calling this method.
        """
        self.check_credentials()
        from .util import _store_pypirc
        _store_pypirc(self)

    def check_credentials(self):
        """
        Check that ``username`` and ``password`` have been set, and raise an
        exception if not.
        """
        if self.username is None or self.password is None:
            raise DistlibException('username and password must be set')
        pm = HTTPPasswordMgr()
        _, netloc, _, _, _, _ = urlparse(self.url)
        pm.add_password(self.realm, netloc, self.username, self.password)
        self.password_handler = HTTPBasicAuthHandler(pm)

    def register(self, metadata):  # pragma: no cover
        """
        Register a distribution on PyPI, using the provided metadata.

        :param metadata: A :class:`Metadata` instance defining at least a name
                         and version number for the distribution to be
                         registered.
        :return: The HTTP response received from PyPI upon submission of the
                request.
        """
        self.check_credentials()
        metadata.validate()
        d = metadata.todict()
        d[':action'] = 'verify'
        request = self.encode_request(d.items(), [])
        self.send_request(request)
        d[':action'] = 'submit'
        request = self.encode_request(d.items(), [])
        return self.send_request(request)

    def _reader(self, name, stream, outbuf):
        """
        Thread runner for reading lines of from a subprocess into a buffer.

        :param name: The logical name of the stream (used for logging only).
        :param stream: The stream to read from. This will typically a pipe
                       connected to the output stream of a subprocess.
        :param outbuf: The list to append the read lines to.
        """
        while True:
            s = stream.readline()
            if not s:
                break
            s = s.decode('utf-8').rstrip()
            outbuf.append(s)
            logger.debug('%s: %s' % (name, s))
        stream.close()

    def get_sign_command(self, filename, signer, sign_password, keystore=None):  # pragma: no cover
        """
        Return a suitable command for signing a file.

        :param filename: The pathname to the file to be signed.
        :param signer: The identifier of the signer of the file.
        :param sign_password: The passphrase for the signer's
                              private key used for signing.
        :param keystore: The path to a directory which contains the keys
                         used in verification. If not specified, the
                         instance's ``gpg_home`` attribute is used instead.
        :return: The signing command as a list suitable to be
                 passed to :class:`subprocess.Popen`.
        """
        cmd = [self.gpg, '--status-fd', '2', '--no-tty']
        if keystore is None:
            keystore = self.gpg_home
        if keystore:
            cmd.extend(['--homedir', keystore])
        if sign_password is not None:
            cmd.extend(['--batch', '--passphrase-fd', '0'])
        td = tempfile.mkdtemp()
        sf = os.path.join(td, os.path.basename(filename) + '.asc')
        cmd.extend(['--detach-sign', '--armor', '--local-user',
                    signer, '--output', sf, filename])
        logger.debug('invoking: %s', ' '.join(cmd))
        return cmd, sf

    def run_command(self, cmd, input_data=None):
        """
        Run a command in a child process , passing it any input data specified.

        :param cmd: The command to run.
        :param input_data: If specified, this must be a byte string containing
                           data to be sent to the child process.
        :return: A tuple consisting of the subprocess' exit code, a list of
                 lines read from the subprocess' ``stdout``, and a list of
                 lines read from the subprocess' ``stderr``.
        """
        kwargs = {
            'stdout': subprocess.PIPE,
            'stderr': subprocess.PIPE,
        }
        if input_data is not None:
            kwargs['stdin'] = subprocess.PIPE
        stdout = []
        stderr = []
        p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, **kwargs)
        # We don't use communicate() here because we may need to
        # get clever with interacting with the command
        t1 = Thread(target=self._reader, args=('stdout', p.stdout, stdout))
        t1.start()
        t2 = Thread(target=self._reader, args=('stderr', p.stderr, stderr))
        t2.start()
        if input_data is not None:
            p.stdin.write(input_data)
            p.stdin.close()

        p.wait()
        t1.join()
        t2.join()
        return p.returncode, stdout, stderr

    def sign_file(self, filename, signer, sign_password, keystore=None):  # pragma: no cover
        """
        Sign a file.

        :param filename: The pathname to the file to be signed.
        :param signer: The identifier of the signer of the file.
        :param sign_password: The passphrase for the signer's
                              private key used for signing.
        :param keystore: The path to a directory which contains the keys
                         used in signing. If not specified, the instance's
                         ``gpg_home`` attribute is used instead.
        :return: The absolute pathname of the file where the signature is
                 stored.
        """
        cmd, sig_file = self.get_sign_command(filename, signer, sign_password,
                                              keystore)
        rc, stdout, stderr = self.run_command(cmd,
                                              sign_password.encode('utf-8'))
        if rc != 0:
            raise DistlibException('sign command failed with error '
                                   'code %s' % rc)
        return sig_file

    def upload_file(self, metadata, filename, signer=None, sign_password=None,
                    filetype='sdist', pyversion='source', keystore=None):
        """
        Upload a release file to the index.

        :param metadata: A :class:`Metadata` instance defining at least a name
                         and version number for the file to be uploaded.
        :param filename: The pathname of the file to be uploaded.
        :param signer: The identifier of the signer of the file.
        :param sign_password: The passphrase for the signer's
                              private key used for signing.
        :param filetype: The type of the file being uploaded. This is the
                        distutils command which produced that file, e.g.
                        ``sdist`` or ``bdist_wheel``.
        :param pyversion: The version of Python which the release relates
                          to. For code compatible with any Python, this would
                          be ``source``, otherwise it would be e.g. ``3.2``.
        :param keystore: The path to a directory which contains the keys
                         used in signing. If not specified, the instance's
                         ``gpg_home`` attribute is used instead.
        :return: The HTTP response received from PyPI upon submission of the
                request.
        """
        self.check_credentials()
        if not os.path.exists(filename):
            raise DistlibException('not found: %s' % filename)
        metadata.validate()
        d = metadata.todict()
        sig_file = None
        if signer:
            if not self.gpg:
                logger.warning('no signing program available - not signed')
            else:
                sig_file = self.sign_file(filename, signer, sign_password,
                                          keystore)
        with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
            file_data = f.read()
        md5_digest = hashlib.md5(file_data).hexdigest()
        sha256_digest = hashlib.sha256(file_data).hexdigest()
        d.update({
            ':action': 'file_upload',
            'protocol_version': '1',
            'filetype': filetype,
            'pyversion': pyversion,
            'md5_digest': md5_digest,
            'sha256_digest': sha256_digest,
        })
        files = [('content', os.path.basename(filename), file_data)]
        if sig_file:
            with open(sig_file, 'rb') as f:
                sig_data = f.read()
            files.append(('gpg_signature', os.path.basename(sig_file),
                         sig_data))
            shutil.rmtree(os.path.dirname(sig_file))
        request = self.encode_request(d.items(), files)
        return self.send_request(request)

    def upload_documentation(self, metadata, doc_dir):  # pragma: no cover
        """
        Upload documentation to the index.

        :param metadata: A :class:`Metadata` instance defining at least a name
                         and version number for the documentation to be
                         uploaded.
        :param doc_dir: The pathname of the directory which contains the
                        documentation. This should be the directory that
                        contains the ``index.html`` for the documentation.
        :return: The HTTP response received from PyPI upon submission of the
                request.
        """
        self.check_credentials()
        if not os.path.isdir(doc_dir):
            raise DistlibException('not a directory: %r' % doc_dir)
        fn = os.path.join(doc_dir, 'index.html')
        if not os.path.exists(fn):
            raise DistlibException('not found: %r' % fn)
        metadata.validate()
        name, version = metadata.name, metadata.version
        zip_data = zip_dir(doc_dir).getvalue()
        fields = [(':action', 'doc_upload'),
                  ('name', name), ('version', version)]
        files = [('content', name, zip_data)]
        request = self.encode_request(fields, files)
        return self.send_request(request)

    def get_verify_command(self, signature_filename, data_filename,
                           keystore=None):
        """
        Return a suitable command for verifying a file.

        :param signature_filename: The pathname to the file containing the
                                   signature.
        :param data_filename: The pathname to the file containing the
                              signed data.
        :param keystore: The path to a directory which contains the keys
                         used in verification. If not specified, the
                         instance's ``gpg_home`` attribute is used instead.
        :return: The verifying command as a list suitable to be
                 passed to :class:`subprocess.Popen`.
        """
        cmd = [self.gpg, '--status-fd', '2', '--no-tty']
        if keystore is None:
            keystore = self.gpg_home
        if keystore:
            cmd.extend(['--homedir', keystore])
        cmd.extend(['--verify', signature_filename, data_filename])
        logger.debug('invoking: %s', ' '.join(cmd))
        return cmd

    def verify_signature(self, signature_filename, data_filename,
                         keystore=None):
        """
        Verify a signature for a file.

        :param signature_filename: The pathname to the file containing the
                                   signature.
        :param data_filename: The pathname to the file containing the
                              signed data.
        :param keystore: The path to a directory which contains the keys
                         used in verification. If not specified, the
                         instance's ``gpg_home`` attribute is used instead.
        :return: True if the signature was verified, else False.
        """
        if not self.gpg:
            raise DistlibException('verification unavailable because gpg '
                                   'unavailable')
        cmd = self.get_verify_command(signature_filename, data_filename,
                                      keystore)
        rc, stdout, stderr = self.run_command(cmd)
        if rc not in (0, 1):
            raise DistlibException('verify command failed with error code %s' % rc)
        return rc == 0

    def download_file(self, url, destfile, digest=None, reporthook=None):
        """
        This is a convenience method for downloading a file from an URL.
        Normally, this will be a file from the index, though currently
        no check is made for this (i.e. a file can be downloaded from
        anywhere).

        The method is just like the :func:`urlretrieve` function in the
        standard library, except that it allows digest computation to be
        done during download and checking that the downloaded data
        matched any expected value.

        :param url: The URL of the file to be downloaded (assumed to be
                    available via an HTTP GET request).
        :param destfile: The pathname where the downloaded file is to be
                         saved.
        :param digest: If specified, this must be a (hasher, value)
                       tuple, where hasher is the algorithm used (e.g.
                       ``'md5'``) and ``value`` is the expected value.
        :param reporthook: The same as for :func:`urlretrieve` in the
                           standard library.
        """
        if digest is None:
            digester = None
            logger.debug('No digest specified')
        else:
            if isinstance(digest, (list, tuple)):
                hasher, digest = digest
            else:
                hasher = 'md5'
            digester = getattr(hashlib, hasher)()
            logger.debug('Digest specified: %s' % digest)
        # The following code is equivalent to urlretrieve.
        # We need to do it this way so that we can compute the
        # digest of the file as we go.
        with open(destfile, 'wb') as dfp:
            # addinfourl is not a context manager on 2.x
            # so we have to use try/finally
            sfp = self.send_request(Request(url))
            try:
                headers = sfp.info()
                blocksize = 8192
                size = -1
                read = 0
                blocknum = 0
                if "content-length" in headers:
                    size = int(headers["Content-Length"])
                if reporthook:
                    reporthook(blocknum, blocksize, size)
                while True:
                    block = sfp.read(blocksize)
                    if not block:
                        break
                    read += len(block)
                    dfp.write(block)
                    if digester:
                        digester.update(block)
                    blocknum += 1
                    if reporthook:
                        reporthook(blocknum, blocksize, size)
            finally:
                sfp.close()

        # check that we got the whole file, if we can
        if size >= 0 and read < size:
            raise DistlibException(
                'retrieval incomplete: got only %d out of %d bytes'
                % (read, size))
        # if we have a digest, it must match.
        if digester:
            actual = digester.hexdigest()
            if digest != actual:
                raise DistlibException('%s digest mismatch for %s: expected '
                                       '%s, got %s' % (hasher, destfile,
                                                       digest, actual))
            logger.debug('Digest verified: %s', digest)

    def send_request(self, req):
        """
        Send a standard library :class:`Request` to PyPI and return its
        response.

        :param req: The request to send.
        :return: The HTTP response from PyPI (a standard library HTTPResponse).
        """
        handlers = []
        if self.password_handler:
            handlers.append(self.password_handler)
        if self.ssl_verifier:
            handlers.append(self.ssl_verifier)
        opener = build_opener(*handlers)
        return opener.open(req)

    def encode_request(self, fields, files):
        """
        Encode fields and files for posting to an HTTP server.

        :param fields: The fields to send as a list of (fieldname, value)
                       tuples.
        :param files: The files to send as a list of (fieldname, filename,
                      file_bytes) tuple.
        """
        # Adapted from packaging, which in turn was adapted from
        # http://code.activestate.com/recipes/146306

        parts = []
        boundary = self.boundary
        for k, values in fields:
            if not isinstance(values, (list, tuple)):
                values = [values]

            for v in values:
                parts.extend((
                    b'--' + boundary,
                    ('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"' %
                     k).encode('utf-8'),
                    b'',
                    v.encode('utf-8')))
        for key, filename, value in files:
            parts.extend((
                b'--' + boundary,
                ('Content-Disposition: form-data; name="%s"; filename="%s"' %
                 (key, filename)).encode('utf-8'),
                b'',
                value))

        parts.extend((b'--' + boundary + b'--', b''))

        body = b'\r\n'.join(parts)
        ct = b'multipart/form-data; boundary=' + boundary
        headers = {
            'Content-type': ct,
            'Content-length': str(len(body))
        }
        return Request(self.url, body, headers)

    def search(self, terms, operator=None):  # pragma: no cover
        if isinstance(terms, string_types):
            terms = {'name': terms}
        rpc_proxy = ServerProxy(self.url, timeout=3.0)
        try:
            return rpc_proxy.search(terms, operator or 'and')
        finally:
            rpc_proxy('close')()

from __future__ import absolute_import

import inspect
from inspect import cleandoc, getdoc, getfile, isclass, ismodule, signature
from typing import Any, Collection, Iterable, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union

from .console import Group, RenderableType
from .control import escape_control_codes
from .highlighter import ReprHighlighter
from .jupyter import JupyterMixin
from .panel import Panel
from .pretty import Pretty
from .table import Table
from .text import Text, TextType


def _first_paragraph(doc: str) -> str:
    """Get the first paragraph from a docstring."""
    paragraph, _, _ = doc.partition("\n\n")
    return paragraph


class Inspect(JupyterMixin):
    """A renderable to inspect any Python Object.

    Args:
        obj (Any): An object to inspect.
        title (str, optional): Title to display over inspect result, or None use type. Defaults to None.
        help (bool, optional): Show full help text rather than just first paragraph. Defaults to False.
        methods (bool, optional): Enable inspection of callables. Defaults to False.
        docs (bool, optional): Also render doc strings. Defaults to True.
        private (bool, optional): Show private attributes (beginning with underscore). Defaults to False.
        dunder (bool, optional): Show attributes starting with double underscore. Defaults to False.
        sort (bool, optional): Sort attributes alphabetically. Defaults to True.
        all (bool, optional): Show all attributes. Defaults to False.
        value (bool, optional): Pretty print value of object. Defaults to True.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        obj: Any,
        *,
        title: Optional[TextType] = None,
        help: bool = False,
        methods: bool = False,
        docs: bool = True,
        private: bool = False,
        dunder: bool = False,
        sort: bool = True,
        all: bool = True,
        value: bool = True,
    ) -> None:
        self.highlighter = ReprHighlighter()
        self.obj = obj
        self.title = title or self._make_title(obj)
        if all:
            methods = private = dunder = True
        self.help = help
        self.methods = methods
        self.docs = docs or help
        self.private = private or dunder
        self.dunder = dunder
        self.sort = sort
        self.value = value

    def _make_title(self, obj: Any) -> Text:
        """Make a default title."""
        title_str = (
            str(obj)
            if (isclass(obj) or callable(obj) or ismodule(obj))
            else str(type(obj))
        )
        title_text = self.highlighter(title_str)
        return title_text

    def __rich__(self) -> Panel:
        return Panel.fit(
            Group(*self._render()),
            title=self.title,
            border_style="scope.border",
            padding=(0, 1),
        )

    def _get_signature(self, name: str, obj: Any) -> Optional[Text]:
        """Get a signature for a callable."""
        try:
            _signature = str(signature(obj)) + ":"
        except ValueError:
            _signature = "(...)"
        except TypeError:
            return None

        source_filename: Optional[str] = None
        try:
            source_filename = getfile(obj)
        except (OSError, TypeError):
            # OSError is raised if obj has no source file, e.g. when defined in REPL.
            pass

        callable_name = Text(name, style="inspect.callable")
        if source_filename:
            callable_name.stylize(f"link file://{source_filename}")
        signature_text = self.highlighter(_signature)

        qualname = name or getattr(obj, "__qualname__", name)

        # If obj is a module, there may be classes (which are callable) to display
        if inspect.isclass(obj):
            prefix = "class"
        elif inspect.iscoroutinefunction(obj):
            prefix = "async def"
        else:
            prefix = "def"

        qual_signature = Text.assemble(
            (f"{prefix} ", f"inspect.{prefix.replace(' ', '_')}"),
            (qualname, "inspect.callable"),
            signature_text,
        )

        return qual_signature

    def _render(self) -> Iterable[RenderableType]:
        """Render object."""

        def sort_items(item: Tuple[str, Any]) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
            key, (_error, value) = item
            return (callable(value), key.strip("_").lower())

        def safe_getattr(attr_name: str) -> Tuple[Any, Any]:
            """Get attribute or any exception."""
            try:
                return (None, getattr(obj, attr_name))
            except Exception as error:
                return (error, None)

        obj = self.obj
        keys = dir(obj)
        total_items = len(keys)
        if not self.dunder:
            keys = [key for key in keys if not key.startswith("__")]
        if not self.private:
            keys = [key for key in keys if not key.startswith("_")]
        not_shown_count = total_items - len(keys)
        items = [(key, safe_getattr(key)) for key in keys]
        if self.sort:
            items.sort(key=sort_items)

        items_table = Table.grid(padding=(0, 1), expand=False)
        items_table.add_column(justify="right")
        add_row = items_table.add_row
        highlighter = self.highlighter

        if callable(obj):
            signature = self._get_signature("", obj)
            if signature is not None:
                yield signature
                yield ""

        if self.docs:
            _doc = self._get_formatted_doc(obj)
            if _doc is not None:
                doc_text = Text(_doc, style="inspect.help")
                doc_text = highlighter(doc_text)
                yield doc_text
                yield ""

        if self.value and not (isclass(obj) or callable(obj) or ismodule(obj)):
            yield Panel(
                Pretty(obj, indent_guides=True, max_length=10, max_string=60),
                border_style="inspect.value.border",
            )
            yield ""

        for key, (error, value) in items:
            key_text = Text.assemble(
                (
                    key,
                    "inspect.attr.dunder" if key.startswith("__") else "inspect.attr",
                ),
                (" =", "inspect.equals"),
            )
            if error is not None:
                warning = key_text.copy()
                warning.stylize("inspect.error")
                add_row(warning, highlighter(repr(error)))
                continue

            if callable(value):
                if not self.methods:
                    continue

                _signature_text = self._get_signature(key, value)
                if _signature_text is None:
                    add_row(key_text, Pretty(value, highlighter=highlighter))
                else:
                    if self.docs:
                        docs = self._get_formatted_doc(value)
                        if docs is not None:
                            _signature_text.append("\n" if "\n" in docs else " ")
                            doc = highlighter(docs)
                            doc.stylize("inspect.doc")
                            _signature_text.append(doc)

                    add_row(key_text, _signature_text)
            else:
                add_row(key_text, Pretty(value, highlighter=highlighter))
        if items_table.row_count:
            yield items_table
        elif not_shown_count:
            yield Text.from_markup(
                f"[b cyan]{not_shown_count}[/][i] attribute(s) not shown.[/i] "
                f"Run [b][magenta]inspect[/]([not b]inspect[/])[/b] for options."
            )

    def _get_formatted_doc(self, object_: Any) -> Optional[str]:
        """
        Extract the docstring of an object, process it and returns it.
        The processing consists in cleaning up the doctring's indentation,
        taking only its 1st paragraph if `self.help` is not True,
        and escape its control codes.

        Args:
            object_ (Any): the object to get the docstring from.

        Returns:
            Optional[str]: the processed docstring, or None if no docstring was found.
        """
        docs = getdoc(object_)
        if docs is None:
            return None
        docs = cleandoc(docs).strip()
        if not self.help:
            docs = _first_paragraph(docs)
        return escape_control_codes(docs)


def get_object_types_mro(obj: Union[object, Type[Any]]) -> Tuple[type, ...]:
    """Returns the MRO of an object's class, or of the object itself if it's a class."""
    if not hasattr(obj, "__mro__"):
        # N.B. we cannot use `if type(obj) is type` here because it doesn't work with
        # some types of classes, such as the ones that use abc.ABCMeta.
        obj = type(obj)
    return getattr(obj, "__mro__", ())


def get_object_types_mro_as_strings(obj: object) -> Collection[str]:
    """
    Returns the MRO of an object's class as full qualified names, or of the object itself if it's a class.

    Examples:
        `object_types_mro_as_strings(JSONDecoder)` will return `['json.decoder.JSONDecoder', 'builtins.object']`
    """
    return [
        f'{getattr(type_, "__module__", "")}.{getattr(type_, "__qualname__", "")}'
        for type_ in get_object_types_mro(obj)
    ]


def is_object_one_of_types(
    obj: object, fully_qualified_types_names: Collection[str]
) -> bool:
    """
    Returns `True` if the given object's class (or the object itself, if it's a class) has one of the
    fully qualified names in its MRO.
    """
    for type_name in get_object_types_mro_as_strings(obj):
        if type_name in fully_qualified_types_names:
            return True
    return False

from typing import Any


def load_ipython_extension(ip: Any) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
    # prevent circular import
    from pip._vendor.rich.pretty import install
    from pip._vendor.rich.traceback import install as tr_install

    install()
    tr_install()

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Copyright (C) 2013-2023 Vinay Sajip.
# Licensed to the Python Software Foundation under a contributor agreement.
# See LICENSE.txt and CONTRIBUTORS.txt.
#
from __future__ import unicode_literals

import base64
import codecs
import datetime
from email import message_from_file
import hashlib
import json
import logging
import os
import posixpath
import re
import shutil
import sys
import tempfile
import zipfile

from . import __version__, DistlibException
from .compat import sysconfig, ZipFile, fsdecode, text_type, filter
from .database import InstalledDistribution
from .metadata import Metadata, WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME, LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME
from .util import (FileOperator, convert_path, CSVReader, CSVWriter, Cache, cached_property, get_cache_base,
                   read_exports, tempdir, get_platform)
from .version import NormalizedVersion, UnsupportedVersionError

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

cache = None  # created when needed

if hasattr(sys, 'pypy_version_info'):  # pragma: no cover
    IMP_PREFIX = 'pp'
elif sys.platform.startswith('java'):  # pragma: no cover
    IMP_PREFIX = 'jy'
elif sys.platform == 'cli':  # pragma: no cover
    IMP_PREFIX = 'ip'
else:
    IMP_PREFIX = 'cp'

VER_SUFFIX = sysconfig.get_config_var('py_version_nodot')
if not VER_SUFFIX:  # pragma: no cover
    VER_SUFFIX = '%s%s' % sys.version_info[:2]
PYVER = 'py' + VER_SUFFIX
IMPVER = IMP_PREFIX + VER_SUFFIX

ARCH = get_platform().replace('-', '_').replace('.', '_')

ABI = sysconfig.get_config_var('SOABI')
if ABI and ABI.startswith('cpython-'):
    ABI = ABI.replace('cpython-', 'cp').split('-')[0]
else:

    def _derive_abi():
        parts = ['cp', VER_SUFFIX]
        if sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_DEBUG'):
            parts.append('d')
        if IMP_PREFIX == 'cp':
            vi = sys.version_info[:2]
            if vi < (3, 8):
                wpm = sysconfig.get_config_var('WITH_PYMALLOC')
                if wpm is None:
                    wpm = True
                if wpm:
                    parts.append('m')
                if vi < (3, 3):
                    us = sysconfig.get_config_var('Py_UNICODE_SIZE')
                    if us == 4 or (us is None and sys.maxunicode == 0x10FFFF):
                        parts.append('u')
        return ''.join(parts)

    ABI = _derive_abi()
    del _derive_abi

FILENAME_RE = re.compile(
    r'''
(?P<nm>[^-]+)
-(?P<vn>\d+[^-]*)
(-(?P<bn>\d+[^-]*))?
-(?P<py>\w+\d+(\.\w+\d+)*)
-(?P<bi>\w+)
-(?P<ar>\w+(\.\w+)*)
\.whl$
''', re.IGNORECASE | re.VERBOSE)

NAME_VERSION_RE = re.compile(r'''
(?P<nm>[^-]+)
-(?P<vn>\d+[^-]*)
(-(?P<bn>\d+[^-]*))?$
''', re.IGNORECASE | re.VERBOSE)

SHEBANG_RE = re.compile(br'\s*#![^\r\n]*')
SHEBANG_DETAIL_RE = re.compile(br'^(\s*#!("[^"]+"|\S+))\s+(.*)$')
SHEBANG_PYTHON = b'#!python'
SHEBANG_PYTHONW = b'#!pythonw'

if os.sep == '/':
    to_posix = lambda o: o
else:
    to_posix = lambda o: o.replace(os.sep, '/')

if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
    import imp
else:
    imp = None
    import importlib.machinery
    import importlib.util


def _get_suffixes():
    if imp:
        return [s[0] for s in imp.get_suffixes()]
    else:
        return importlib.machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES


def _load_dynamic(name, path):
    # https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html#importing-a-source-file-directly
    if imp:
        return imp.load_dynamic(name, path)
    else:
        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(name, path)
        module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
        sys.modules[name] = module
        spec.loader.exec_module(module)
        return module


class Mounter(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.impure_wheels = {}
        self.libs = {}

    def add(self, pathname, extensions):
        self.impure_wheels[pathname] = extensions
        self.libs.update(extensions)

    def remove(self, pathname):
        extensions = self.impure_wheels.pop(pathname)
        for k, v in extensions:
            if k in self.libs:
                del self.libs[k]

    def find_module(self, fullname, path=None):
        if fullname in self.libs:
            result = self
        else:
            result = None
        return result

    def load_module(self, fullname):
        if fullname in sys.modules:
            result = sys.modules[fullname]
        else:
            if fullname not in self.libs:
                raise ImportError('unable to find extension for %s' % fullname)
            result = _load_dynamic(fullname, self.libs[fullname])
            result.__loader__ = self
            parts = fullname.rsplit('.', 1)
            if len(parts) > 1:
                result.__package__ = parts[0]
        return result


_hook = Mounter()


class Wheel(object):
    """
    Class to build and install from Wheel files (PEP 427).
    """

    wheel_version = (1, 1)
    hash_kind = 'sha256'

    def __init__(self, filename=None, sign=False, verify=False):
        """
        Initialise an instance using a (valid) filename.
        """
        self.sign = sign
        self.should_verify = verify
        self.buildver = ''
        self.pyver = [PYVER]
        self.abi = ['none']
        self.arch = ['any']
        self.dirname = os.getcwd()
        if filename is None:
            self.name = 'dummy'
            self.version = '0.1'
            self._filename = self.filename
        else:
            m = NAME_VERSION_RE.match(filename)
            if m:
                info = m.groupdict('')
                self.name = info['nm']
                # Reinstate the local version separator
                self.version = info['vn'].replace('_', '-')
                self.buildver = info['bn']
                self._filename = self.filename
            else:
                dirname, filename = os.path.split(filename)
                m = FILENAME_RE.match(filename)
                if not m:
                    raise DistlibException('Invalid name or '
                                           'filename: %r' % filename)
                if dirname:
                    self.dirname = os.path.abspath(dirname)
                self._filename = filename
                info = m.groupdict('')
                self.name = info['nm']
                self.version = info['vn']
                self.buildver = info['bn']
                self.pyver = info['py'].split('.')
                self.abi = info['bi'].split('.')
                self.arch = info['ar'].split('.')

    @property
    def filename(self):
        """
        Build and return a filename from the various components.
        """
        if self.buildver:
            buildver = '-' + self.buildver
        else:
            buildver = ''
        pyver = '.'.join(self.pyver)
        abi = '.'.join(self.abi)
        arch = '.'.join(self.arch)
        # replace - with _ as a local version separator
        version = self.version.replace('-', '_')
        return '%s-%s%s-%s-%s-%s.whl' % (self.name, version, buildver, pyver, abi, arch)

    @property
    def exists(self):
        path = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
        return os.path.isfile(path)

    @property
    def tags(self):
        for pyver in self.pyver:
            for abi in self.abi:
                for arch in self.arch:
                    yield pyver, abi, arch

    @cached_property
    def metadata(self):
        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
        wrapper = codecs.getreader('utf-8')
        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
            self.get_wheel_metadata(zf)
            # wv = wheel_metadata['Wheel-Version'].split('.', 1)
            # file_version = tuple([int(i) for i in wv])
            # if file_version < (1, 1):
            # fns = [WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME, METADATA_FILENAME,
            # LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME]
            # else:
            # fns = [WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME, METADATA_FILENAME]
            fns = [WHEEL_METADATA_FILENAME, LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME]
            result = None
            for fn in fns:
                try:
                    metadata_filename = posixpath.join(info_dir, fn)
                    with zf.open(metadata_filename) as bf:
                        wf = wrapper(bf)
                        result = Metadata(fileobj=wf)
                        if result:
                            break
                except KeyError:
                    pass
            if not result:
                raise ValueError('Invalid wheel, because metadata is '
                                 'missing: looked in %s' % ', '.join(fns))
        return result

    def get_wheel_metadata(self, zf):
        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
        metadata_filename = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'WHEEL')
        with zf.open(metadata_filename) as bf:
            wf = codecs.getreader('utf-8')(bf)
            message = message_from_file(wf)
        return dict(message)

    @cached_property
    def info(self):
        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
            result = self.get_wheel_metadata(zf)
        return result

    def process_shebang(self, data):
        m = SHEBANG_RE.match(data)
        if m:
            end = m.end()
            shebang, data_after_shebang = data[:end], data[end:]
            # Preserve any arguments after the interpreter
            if b'pythonw' in shebang.lower():
                shebang_python = SHEBANG_PYTHONW
            else:
                shebang_python = SHEBANG_PYTHON
            m = SHEBANG_DETAIL_RE.match(shebang)
            if m:
                args = b' ' + m.groups()[-1]
            else:
                args = b''
            shebang = shebang_python + args
            data = shebang + data_after_shebang
        else:
            cr = data.find(b'\r')
            lf = data.find(b'\n')
            if cr < 0 or cr > lf:
                term = b'\n'
            else:
                if data[cr:cr + 2] == b'\r\n':
                    term = b'\r\n'
                else:
                    term = b'\r'
            data = SHEBANG_PYTHON + term + data
        return data

    def get_hash(self, data, hash_kind=None):
        if hash_kind is None:
            hash_kind = self.hash_kind
        try:
            hasher = getattr(hashlib, hash_kind)
        except AttributeError:
            raise DistlibException('Unsupported hash algorithm: %r' % hash_kind)
        result = hasher(data).digest()
        result = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(result).rstrip(b'=').decode('ascii')
        return hash_kind, result

    def write_record(self, records, record_path, archive_record_path):
        records = list(records)  # make a copy, as mutated
        records.append((archive_record_path, '', ''))
        with CSVWriter(record_path) as writer:
            for row in records:
                writer.writerow(row)

    def write_records(self, info, libdir, archive_paths):
        records = []
        distinfo, info_dir = info
        # hasher = getattr(hashlib, self.hash_kind)
        for ap, p in archive_paths:
            with open(p, 'rb') as f:
                data = f.read()
            digest = '%s=%s' % self.get_hash(data)
            size = os.path.getsize(p)
            records.append((ap, digest, size))

        p = os.path.join(distinfo, 'RECORD')
        ap = to_posix(os.path.join(info_dir, 'RECORD'))
        self.write_record(records, p, ap)
        archive_paths.append((ap, p))

    def build_zip(self, pathname, archive_paths):
        with ZipFile(pathname, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zf:
            for ap, p in archive_paths:
                logger.debug('Wrote %s to %s in wheel', p, ap)
                zf.write(p, ap)

    def build(self, paths, tags=None, wheel_version=None):
        """
        Build a wheel from files in specified paths, and use any specified tags
        when determining the name of the wheel.
        """
        if tags is None:
            tags = {}

        libkey = list(filter(lambda o: o in paths, ('purelib', 'platlib')))[0]
        if libkey == 'platlib':
            is_pure = 'false'
            default_pyver = [IMPVER]
            default_abi = [ABI]
            default_arch = [ARCH]
        else:
            is_pure = 'true'
            default_pyver = [PYVER]
            default_abi = ['none']
            default_arch = ['any']

        self.pyver = tags.get('pyver', default_pyver)
        self.abi = tags.get('abi', default_abi)
        self.arch = tags.get('arch', default_arch)

        libdir = paths[libkey]

        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
        data_dir = '%s.data' % name_ver
        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver

        archive_paths = []

        # First, stuff which is not in site-packages
        for key in ('data', 'headers', 'scripts'):
            if key not in paths:
                continue
            path = paths[key]
            if os.path.isdir(path):
                for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
                    for fn in files:
                        p = fsdecode(os.path.join(root, fn))
                        rp = os.path.relpath(p, path)
                        ap = to_posix(os.path.join(data_dir, key, rp))
                        archive_paths.append((ap, p))
                        if key == 'scripts' and not p.endswith('.exe'):
                            with open(p, 'rb') as f:
                                data = f.read()
                            data = self.process_shebang(data)
                            with open(p, 'wb') as f:
                                f.write(data)

        # Now, stuff which is in site-packages, other than the
        # distinfo stuff.
        path = libdir
        distinfo = None
        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
            if root == path:
                # At the top level only, save distinfo for later
                # and skip it for now
                for i, dn in enumerate(dirs):
                    dn = fsdecode(dn)
                    if dn.endswith('.dist-info'):
                        distinfo = os.path.join(root, dn)
                        del dirs[i]
                        break
                assert distinfo, '.dist-info directory expected, not found'

            for fn in files:
                # comment out next suite to leave .pyc files in
                if fsdecode(fn).endswith(('.pyc', '.pyo')):
                    continue
                p = os.path.join(root, fn)
                rp = to_posix(os.path.relpath(p, path))
                archive_paths.append((rp, p))

        # Now distinfo. Assumed to be flat, i.e. os.listdir is enough.
        files = os.listdir(distinfo)
        for fn in files:
            if fn not in ('RECORD', 'INSTALLER', 'SHARED', 'WHEEL'):
                p = fsdecode(os.path.join(distinfo, fn))
                ap = to_posix(os.path.join(info_dir, fn))
                archive_paths.append((ap, p))

        wheel_metadata = [
            'Wheel-Version: %d.%d' % (wheel_version or self.wheel_version),
            'Generator: distlib %s' % __version__,
            'Root-Is-Purelib: %s' % is_pure,
        ]
        for pyver, abi, arch in self.tags:
            wheel_metadata.append('Tag: %s-%s-%s' % (pyver, abi, arch))
        p = os.path.join(distinfo, 'WHEEL')
        with open(p, 'w') as f:
            f.write('\n'.join(wheel_metadata))
        ap = to_posix(os.path.join(info_dir, 'WHEEL'))
        archive_paths.append((ap, p))

        # sort the entries by archive path. Not needed by any spec, but it
        # keeps the archive listing and RECORD tidier than they would otherwise
        # be. Use the number of path segments to keep directory entries together,
        # and keep the dist-info stuff at the end.
        def sorter(t):
            ap = t[0]
            n = ap.count('/')
            if '.dist-info' in ap:
                n += 10000
            return (n, ap)

        archive_paths = sorted(archive_paths, key=sorter)

        # Now, at last, RECORD.
        # Paths in here are archive paths - nothing else makes sense.
        self.write_records((distinfo, info_dir), libdir, archive_paths)
        # Now, ready to build the zip file
        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
        self.build_zip(pathname, archive_paths)
        return pathname

    def skip_entry(self, arcname):
        """
        Determine whether an archive entry should be skipped when verifying
        or installing.
        """
        # The signature file won't be in RECORD,
        # and we  don't currently don't do anything with it
        # We also skip directories, as they won't be in RECORD
        # either. See:
        #
        # https://github.com/pypa/wheel/issues/294
        # https://github.com/pypa/wheel/issues/287
        # https://github.com/pypa/wheel/pull/289
        #
        return arcname.endswith(('/', '/RECORD.jws'))

    def install(self, paths, maker, **kwargs):
        """
        Install a wheel to the specified paths. If kwarg ``warner`` is
        specified, it should be a callable, which will be called with two
        tuples indicating the wheel version of this software and the wheel
        version in the file, if there is a discrepancy in the versions.
        This can be used to issue any warnings to raise any exceptions.
        If kwarg ``lib_only`` is True, only the purelib/platlib files are
        installed, and the headers, scripts, data and dist-info metadata are
        not written. If kwarg ``bytecode_hashed_invalidation`` is True, written
        bytecode will try to use file-hash based invalidation (PEP-552) on
        supported interpreter versions (CPython 3.7+).

        The return value is a :class:`InstalledDistribution` instance unless
        ``options.lib_only`` is True, in which case the return value is ``None``.
        """

        dry_run = maker.dry_run
        warner = kwargs.get('warner')
        lib_only = kwargs.get('lib_only', False)
        bc_hashed_invalidation = kwargs.get('bytecode_hashed_invalidation', False)

        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
        data_dir = '%s.data' % name_ver
        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver

        metadata_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
        wheel_metadata_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'WHEEL')
        record_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'RECORD')

        wrapper = codecs.getreader('utf-8')

        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
            with zf.open(wheel_metadata_name) as bwf:
                wf = wrapper(bwf)
                message = message_from_file(wf)
            wv = message['Wheel-Version'].split('.', 1)
            file_version = tuple([int(i) for i in wv])
            if (file_version != self.wheel_version) and warner:
                warner(self.wheel_version, file_version)

            if message['Root-Is-Purelib'] == 'true':
                libdir = paths['purelib']
            else:
                libdir = paths['platlib']

            records = {}
            with zf.open(record_name) as bf:
                with CSVReader(stream=bf) as reader:
                    for row in reader:
                        p = row[0]
                        records[p] = row

            data_pfx = posixpath.join(data_dir, '')
            info_pfx = posixpath.join(info_dir, '')
            script_pfx = posixpath.join(data_dir, 'scripts', '')

            # make a new instance rather than a copy of maker's,
            # as we mutate it
            fileop = FileOperator(dry_run=dry_run)
            fileop.record = True  # so we can rollback if needed

            bc = not sys.dont_write_bytecode  # Double negatives. Lovely!

            outfiles = []  # for RECORD writing

            # for script copying/shebang processing
            workdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
            # set target dir later
            # we default add_launchers to False, as the
            # Python Launcher should be used instead
            maker.source_dir = workdir
            maker.target_dir = None
            try:
                for zinfo in zf.infolist():
                    arcname = zinfo.filename
                    if isinstance(arcname, text_type):
                        u_arcname = arcname
                    else:
                        u_arcname = arcname.decode('utf-8')
                    if self.skip_entry(u_arcname):
                        continue
                    row = records[u_arcname]
                    if row[2] and str(zinfo.file_size) != row[2]:
                        raise DistlibException('size mismatch for '
                                               '%s' % u_arcname)
                    if row[1]:
                        kind, value = row[1].split('=', 1)
                        with zf.open(arcname) as bf:
                            data = bf.read()
                        _, digest = self.get_hash(data, kind)
                        if digest != value:
                            raise DistlibException('digest mismatch for '
                                                   '%s' % arcname)

                    if lib_only and u_arcname.startswith((info_pfx, data_pfx)):
                        logger.debug('lib_only: skipping %s', u_arcname)
                        continue
                    is_script = (u_arcname.startswith(script_pfx) and not u_arcname.endswith('.exe'))

                    if u_arcname.startswith(data_pfx):
                        _, where, rp = u_arcname.split('/', 2)
                        outfile = os.path.join(paths[where], convert_path(rp))
                    else:
                        # meant for site-packages.
                        if u_arcname in (wheel_metadata_name, record_name):
                            continue
                        outfile = os.path.join(libdir, convert_path(u_arcname))
                    if not is_script:
                        with zf.open(arcname) as bf:
                            fileop.copy_stream(bf, outfile)
                        # Issue #147: permission bits aren't preserved. Using
                        # zf.extract(zinfo, libdir) should have worked, but didn't,
                        # see https://www.thetopsites.net/article/53834422.shtml
                        # So ... manually preserve permission bits as given in zinfo
                        if os.name == 'posix':
                            # just set the normal permission bits
                            os.chmod(outfile, (zinfo.external_attr >> 16) & 0x1FF)
                        outfiles.append(outfile)
                        # Double check the digest of the written file
                        if not dry_run and row[1]:
                            with open(outfile, 'rb') as bf:
                                data = bf.read()
                                _, newdigest = self.get_hash(data, kind)
                                if newdigest != digest:
                                    raise DistlibException('digest mismatch '
                                                           'on write for '
                                                           '%s' % outfile)
                        if bc and outfile.endswith('.py'):
                            try:
                                pyc = fileop.byte_compile(outfile, hashed_invalidation=bc_hashed_invalidation)
                                outfiles.append(pyc)
                            except Exception:
                                # Don't give up if byte-compilation fails,
                                # but log it and perhaps warn the user
                                logger.warning('Byte-compilation failed', exc_info=True)
                    else:
                        fn = os.path.basename(convert_path(arcname))
                        workname = os.path.join(workdir, fn)
                        with zf.open(arcname) as bf:
                            fileop.copy_stream(bf, workname)

                        dn, fn = os.path.split(outfile)
                        maker.target_dir = dn
                        filenames = maker.make(fn)
                        fileop.set_executable_mode(filenames)
                        outfiles.extend(filenames)

                if lib_only:
                    logger.debug('lib_only: returning None')
                    dist = None
                else:
                    # Generate scripts

                    # Try to get pydist.json so we can see if there are
                    # any commands to generate. If this fails (e.g. because
                    # of a legacy wheel), log a warning but don't give up.
                    commands = None
                    file_version = self.info['Wheel-Version']
                    if file_version == '1.0':
                        # Use legacy info
                        ep = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'entry_points.txt')
                        try:
                            with zf.open(ep) as bwf:
                                epdata = read_exports(bwf)
                            commands = {}
                            for key in ('console', 'gui'):
                                k = '%s_scripts' % key
                                if k in epdata:
                                    commands['wrap_%s' % key] = d = {}
                                    for v in epdata[k].values():
                                        s = '%s:%s' % (v.prefix, v.suffix)
                                        if v.flags:
                                            s += ' [%s]' % ','.join(v.flags)
                                        d[v.name] = s
                        except Exception:
                            logger.warning('Unable to read legacy script '
                                           'metadata, so cannot generate '
                                           'scripts')
                    else:
                        try:
                            with zf.open(metadata_name) as bwf:
                                wf = wrapper(bwf)
                                commands = json.load(wf).get('extensions')
                                if commands:
                                    commands = commands.get('python.commands')
                        except Exception:
                            logger.warning('Unable to read JSON metadata, so '
                                           'cannot generate scripts')
                    if commands:
                        console_scripts = commands.get('wrap_console', {})
                        gui_scripts = commands.get('wrap_gui', {})
                        if console_scripts or gui_scripts:
                            script_dir = paths.get('scripts', '')
                            if not os.path.isdir(script_dir):
                                raise ValueError('Valid script path not '
                                                 'specified')
                            maker.target_dir = script_dir
                            for k, v in console_scripts.items():
                                script = '%s = %s' % (k, v)
                                filenames = maker.make(script)
                                fileop.set_executable_mode(filenames)

                            if gui_scripts:
                                options = {'gui': True}
                                for k, v in gui_scripts.items():
                                    script = '%s = %s' % (k, v)
                                    filenames = maker.make(script, options)
                                    fileop.set_executable_mode(filenames)

                    p = os.path.join(libdir, info_dir)
                    dist = InstalledDistribution(p)

                    # Write SHARED
                    paths = dict(paths)  # don't change passed in dict
                    del paths['purelib']
                    del paths['platlib']
                    paths['lib'] = libdir
                    p = dist.write_shared_locations(paths, dry_run)
                    if p:
                        outfiles.append(p)

                    # Write RECORD
                    dist.write_installed_files(outfiles, paths['prefix'], dry_run)
                return dist
            except Exception:  # pragma: no cover
                logger.exception('installation failed.')
                fileop.rollback()
                raise
            finally:
                shutil.rmtree(workdir)

    def _get_dylib_cache(self):
        global cache
        if cache is None:
            # Use native string to avoid issues on 2.x: see Python #20140.
            base = os.path.join(get_cache_base(), str('dylib-cache'), '%s.%s' % sys.version_info[:2])
            cache = Cache(base)
        return cache

    def _get_extensions(self):
        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
        arcname = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'EXTENSIONS')
        wrapper = codecs.getreader('utf-8')
        result = []
        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
            try:
                with zf.open(arcname) as bf:
                    wf = wrapper(bf)
                    extensions = json.load(wf)
                    cache = self._get_dylib_cache()
                    prefix = cache.prefix_to_dir(self.filename, use_abspath=False)
                    cache_base = os.path.join(cache.base, prefix)
                    if not os.path.isdir(cache_base):
                        os.makedirs(cache_base)
                    for name, relpath in extensions.items():
                        dest = os.path.join(cache_base, convert_path(relpath))
                        if not os.path.exists(dest):
                            extract = True
                        else:
                            file_time = os.stat(dest).st_mtime
                            file_time = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(file_time)
                            info = zf.getinfo(relpath)
                            wheel_time = datetime.datetime(*info.date_time)
                            extract = wheel_time > file_time
                        if extract:
                            zf.extract(relpath, cache_base)
                        result.append((name, dest))
            except KeyError:
                pass
        return result

    def is_compatible(self):
        """
        Determine if a wheel is compatible with the running system.
        """
        return is_compatible(self)

    def is_mountable(self):
        """
        Determine if a wheel is asserted as mountable by its metadata.
        """
        return True  # for now - metadata details TBD

    def mount(self, append=False):
        pathname = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename))
        if not self.is_compatible():
            msg = 'Wheel %s not compatible with this Python.' % pathname
            raise DistlibException(msg)
        if not self.is_mountable():
            msg = 'Wheel %s is marked as not mountable.' % pathname
            raise DistlibException(msg)
        if pathname in sys.path:
            logger.debug('%s already in path', pathname)
        else:
            if append:
                sys.path.append(pathname)
            else:
                sys.path.insert(0, pathname)
            extensions = self._get_extensions()
            if extensions:
                if _hook not in sys.meta_path:
                    sys.meta_path.append(_hook)
                _hook.add(pathname, extensions)

    def unmount(self):
        pathname = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename))
        if pathname not in sys.path:
            logger.debug('%s not in path', pathname)
        else:
            sys.path.remove(pathname)
            if pathname in _hook.impure_wheels:
                _hook.remove(pathname)
            if not _hook.impure_wheels:
                if _hook in sys.meta_path:
                    sys.meta_path.remove(_hook)

    def verify(self):
        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
        # data_dir = '%s.data' % name_ver
        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver

        # metadata_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
        wheel_metadata_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'WHEEL')
        record_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'RECORD')

        wrapper = codecs.getreader('utf-8')

        with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
            with zf.open(wheel_metadata_name) as bwf:
                wf = wrapper(bwf)
                message_from_file(wf)
            # wv = message['Wheel-Version'].split('.', 1)
            # file_version = tuple([int(i) for i in wv])
            # TODO version verification

            records = {}
            with zf.open(record_name) as bf:
                with CSVReader(stream=bf) as reader:
                    for row in reader:
                        p = row[0]
                        records[p] = row

            for zinfo in zf.infolist():
                arcname = zinfo.filename
                if isinstance(arcname, text_type):
                    u_arcname = arcname
                else:
                    u_arcname = arcname.decode('utf-8')
                # See issue #115: some wheels have .. in their entries, but
                # in the filename ... e.g. __main__..py ! So the check is
                # updated to look for .. in the directory portions
                p = u_arcname.split('/')
                if '..' in p:
                    raise DistlibException('invalid entry in '
                                           'wheel: %r' % u_arcname)

                if self.skip_entry(u_arcname):
                    continue
                row = records[u_arcname]
                if row[2] and str(zinfo.file_size) != row[2]:
                    raise DistlibException('size mismatch for '
                                           '%s' % u_arcname)
                if row[1]:
                    kind, value = row[1].split('=', 1)
                    with zf.open(arcname) as bf:
                        data = bf.read()
                    _, digest = self.get_hash(data, kind)
                    if digest != value:
                        raise DistlibException('digest mismatch for '
                                               '%s' % arcname)

    def update(self, modifier, dest_dir=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Update the contents of a wheel in a generic way. The modifier should
        be a callable which expects a dictionary argument: its keys are
        archive-entry paths, and its values are absolute filesystem paths
        where the contents the corresponding archive entries can be found. The
        modifier is free to change the contents of the files pointed to, add
        new entries and remove entries, before returning. This method will
        extract the entire contents of the wheel to a temporary location, call
        the modifier, and then use the passed (and possibly updated)
        dictionary to write a new wheel. If ``dest_dir`` is specified, the new
        wheel is written there -- otherwise, the original wheel is overwritten.

        The modifier should return True if it updated the wheel, else False.
        This method returns the same value the modifier returns.
        """

        def get_version(path_map, info_dir):
            version = path = None
            key = '%s/%s' % (info_dir, LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
            if key not in path_map:
                key = '%s/PKG-INFO' % info_dir
            if key in path_map:
                path = path_map[key]
                version = Metadata(path=path).version
            return version, path

        def update_version(version, path):
            updated = None
            try:
                NormalizedVersion(version)
                i = version.find('-')
                if i < 0:
                    updated = '%s+1' % version
                else:
                    parts = [int(s) for s in version[i + 1:].split('.')]
                    parts[-1] += 1
                    updated = '%s+%s' % (version[:i], '.'.join(str(i) for i in parts))
            except UnsupportedVersionError:
                logger.debug('Cannot update non-compliant (PEP-440) '
                             'version %r', version)
            if updated:
                md = Metadata(path=path)
                md.version = updated
                legacy = path.endswith(LEGACY_METADATA_FILENAME)
                md.write(path=path, legacy=legacy)
                logger.debug('Version updated from %r to %r', version, updated)

        pathname = os.path.join(self.dirname, self.filename)
        name_ver = '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.version)
        info_dir = '%s.dist-info' % name_ver
        record_name = posixpath.join(info_dir, 'RECORD')
        with tempdir() as workdir:
            with ZipFile(pathname, 'r') as zf:
                path_map = {}
                for zinfo in zf.infolist():
                    arcname = zinfo.filename
                    if isinstance(arcname, text_type):
                        u_arcname = arcname
                    else:
                        u_arcname = arcname.decode('utf-8')
                    if u_arcname == record_name:
                        continue
                    if '..' in u_arcname:
                        raise DistlibException('invalid entry in '
                                               'wheel: %r' % u_arcname)
                    zf.extract(zinfo, workdir)
                    path = os.path.join(workdir, convert_path(u_arcname))
                    path_map[u_arcname] = path

            # Remember the version.
            original_version, _ = get_version(path_map, info_dir)
            # Files extracted. Call the modifier.
            modified = modifier(path_map, **kwargs)
            if modified:
                # Something changed - need to build a new wheel.
                current_version, path = get_version(path_map, info_dir)
                if current_version and (current_version == original_version):
                    # Add or update local version to signify changes.
                    update_version(current_version, path)
                # Decide where the new wheel goes.
                if dest_dir is None:
                    fd, newpath = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix='.whl', prefix='wheel-update-', dir=workdir)
                    os.close(fd)
                else:
                    if not os.path.isdir(dest_dir):
                        raise DistlibException('Not a directory: %r' % dest_dir)
                    newpath = os.path.join(dest_dir, self.filename)
                archive_paths = list(path_map.items())
                distinfo = os.path.join(workdir, info_dir)
                info = distinfo, info_dir
                self.write_records(info, workdir, archive_paths)
                self.build_zip(newpath, archive_paths)
                if dest_dir is None:
                    shutil.copyfile(newpath, pathname)
        return modified


def _get_glibc_version():
    import platform
    ver = platform.libc_ver()
    result = []
    if ver[0] == 'glibc':
        for s in ver[1].split('.'):
            result.append(int(s) if s.isdigit() else 0)
        result = tuple(result)
    return result


def compatible_tags():
    """
    Return (pyver, abi, arch) tuples compatible with this Python.
    """
    class _Version:
        def __init__(self, major, minor):
            self.major = major
            self.major_minor = (major, minor)
            self.string = ''.join((str(major), str(minor)))

        def __str__(self):
            return self.string


    versions = [
        _Version(sys.version_info.major, minor_version)
        for minor_version in range(sys.version_info.minor, -1, -1)
    ]
    abis = []
    for suffix in _get_suffixes():
        if suffix.startswith('.abi'):
            abis.append(suffix.split('.', 2)[1])
    abis.sort()
    if ABI != 'none':
        abis.insert(0, ABI)
    abis.append('none')
    result = []

    arches = [ARCH]
    if sys.platform == 'darwin':
        m = re.match(r'(\w+)_(\d+)_(\d+)_(\w+)$', ARCH)
        if m:
            name, major, minor, arch = m.groups()
            minor = int(minor)
            matches = [arch]
            if arch in ('i386', 'ppc'):
                matches.append('fat')
            if arch in ('i386', 'ppc', 'x86_64'):
                matches.append('fat3')
            if arch in ('ppc64', 'x86_64'):
                matches.append('fat64')
            if arch in ('i386', 'x86_64'):
                matches.append('intel')
            if arch in ('i386', 'x86_64', 'intel', 'ppc', 'ppc64'):
                matches.append('universal')
            while minor >= 0:
                for match in matches:
                    s = '%s_%s_%s_%s' % (name, major, minor, match)
                    if s != ARCH:  # already there
                        arches.append(s)
                minor -= 1

    # Most specific - our Python version, ABI and arch
    for i, version_object in enumerate(versions):
        version = str(version_object)
        add_abis = []

        if i == 0:
            add_abis = abis

        if IMP_PREFIX == 'cp' and version_object.major_minor >= (3, 2):
            limited_api_abi = 'abi' + str(version_object.major)
            if limited_api_abi not in add_abis:
                add_abis.append(limited_api_abi)

        for abi in add_abis:
            for arch in arches:
                result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, version)), abi, arch))
                # manylinux
                if abi != 'none' and sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
                    arch = arch.replace('linux_', '')
                    parts = _get_glibc_version()
                    if len(parts) == 2:
                        if parts >= (2, 5):
                            result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, version)), abi, 'manylinux1_%s' % arch))
                        if parts >= (2, 12):
                            result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, version)), abi, 'manylinux2010_%s' % arch))
                        if parts >= (2, 17):
                            result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, version)), abi, 'manylinux2014_%s' % arch))
                        result.append((''.join(
                            (IMP_PREFIX, version)), abi, 'manylinux_%s_%s_%s' % (parts[0], parts[1], arch)))

    # where no ABI / arch dependency, but IMP_PREFIX dependency
    for i, version_object in enumerate(versions):
        version = str(version_object)
        result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, version)), 'none', 'any'))
        if i == 0:
            result.append((''.join((IMP_PREFIX, version[0])), 'none', 'any'))

    # no IMP_PREFIX, ABI or arch dependency
    for i, version_object in enumerate(versions):
        version = str(version_object)
        result.append((''.join(('py', version)), 'none', 'any'))
        if i == 0:
            result.append((''.join(('py', version[0])), 'none', 'any'))

    return set(result)


COMPATIBLE_TAGS = compatible_tags()

del compatible_tags


def is_compatible(wheel, tags=None):
    if not isinstance(wheel, Wheel):
        wheel = Wheel(wheel)  # assume it's a filename
    result = False
    if tags is None:
        tags = COMPATIBLE_TAGS
    for ver, abi, arch in tags:
        if ver in wheel.pyver and abi in wheel.abi and arch in wheel.arch:
            result = True
            break
    return result

# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
# for complete details.

from __future__ import annotations

import operator
import os
import platform
import sys
from typing import Any, Callable, TypedDict, cast

from ._parser import MarkerAtom, MarkerList, Op, Value, Variable
from ._parser import parse_marker as _parse_marker
from ._tokenizer import ParserSyntaxError
from .specifiers import InvalidSpecifier, Specifier
from .utils import canonicalize_name

__all__ = [
    "InvalidMarker",
    "UndefinedComparison",
    "UndefinedEnvironmentName",
    "Marker",
    "default_environment",
]

Operator = Callable[[str, str], bool]


class InvalidMarker(ValueError):
    """
    An invalid marker was found, users should refer to PEP 508.
    """


class UndefinedComparison(ValueError):
    """
    An invalid operation was attempted on a value that doesn't support it.
    """


class UndefinedEnvironmentName(ValueError):
    """
    A name was attempted to be used that does not exist inside of the
    environment.
    """


class Environment(TypedDict):
    implementation_name: str
    """The implementation's identifier, e.g. ``'cpython'``."""

    implementation_version: str
    """
    The implementation's version, e.g. ``'3.13.0a2'`` for CPython 3.13.0a2, or
    ``'7.3.13'`` for PyPy3.10 v7.3.13.
    """

    os_name: str
    """
    The value of :py:data:`os.name`. The name of the operating system dependent module
    imported, e.g. ``'posix'``.
    """

    platform_machine: str
    """
    Returns the machine type, e.g. ``'i386'``.

    An empty string if the value cannot be determined.
    """

    platform_release: str
    """
    The system's release, e.g. ``'2.2.0'`` or ``'NT'``.

    An empty string if the value cannot be determined.
    """

    platform_system: str
    """
    The system/OS name, e.g. ``'Linux'``, ``'Windows'`` or ``'Java'``.

    An empty string if the value cannot be determined.
    """

    platform_version: str
    """
    The system's release version, e.g. ``'#3 on degas'``.

    An empty string if the value cannot be determined.
    """

    python_full_version: str
    """
    The Python version as string ``'major.minor.patchlevel'``.

    Note that unlike the Python :py:data:`sys.version`, this value will always include
    the patchlevel (it defaults to 0).
    """

    platform_python_implementation: str
    """
    A string identifying the Python implementation, e.g. ``'CPython'``.
    """

    python_version: str
    """The Python version as string ``'major.minor'``."""

    sys_platform: str
    """
    This string contains a platform identifier that can be used to append
    platform-specific components to :py:data:`sys.path`, for instance.

    For Unix systems, except on Linux and AIX, this is the lowercased OS name as
    returned by ``uname -s`` with the first part of the version as returned by
    ``uname -r`` appended, e.g. ``'sunos5'`` or ``'freebsd8'``, at the time when Python
    was built.
    """


def _normalize_extra_values(results: Any) -> Any:
    """
    Normalize extra values.
    """
    if isinstance(results[0], tuple):
        lhs, op, rhs = results[0]
        if isinstance(lhs, Variable) and lhs.value == "extra":
            normalized_extra = canonicalize_name(rhs.value)
            rhs = Value(normalized_extra)
        elif isinstance(rhs, Variable) and rhs.value == "extra":
            normalized_extra = canonicalize_name(lhs.value)
            lhs = Value(normalized_extra)
        results[0] = lhs, op, rhs
    return results


def _format_marker(
    marker: list[str] | MarkerAtom | str, first: bool | None = True
) -> str:
    assert isinstance(marker, (list, tuple, str))

    # Sometimes we have a structure like [[...]] which is a single item list
    # where the single item is itself it's own list. In that case we want skip
    # the rest of this function so that we don't get extraneous () on the
    # outside.
    if (
        isinstance(marker, list)
        and len(marker) == 1
        and isinstance(marker[0], (list, tuple))
    ):
        return _format_marker(marker[0])

    if isinstance(marker, list):
        inner = (_format_marker(m, first=False) for m in marker)
        if first:
            return " ".join(inner)
        else:
            return "(" + " ".join(inner) + ")"
    elif isinstance(marker, tuple):
        return " ".join([m.serialize() for m in marker])
    else:
        return marker


_operators: dict[str, Operator] = {
    "in": lambda lhs, rhs: lhs in rhs,
    "not in": lambda lhs, rhs: lhs not in rhs,
    "<": operator.lt,
    "<=": operator.le,
    "==": operator.eq,
    "!=": operator.ne,
    ">=": operator.ge,
    ">": operator.gt,
}


def _eval_op(lhs: str, op: Op, rhs: str) -> bool:
    try:
        spec = Specifier("".join([op.serialize(), rhs]))
    except InvalidSpecifier:
        pass
    else:
        return spec.contains(lhs, prereleases=True)

    oper: Operator | None = _operators.get(op.serialize())
    if oper is None:
        raise UndefinedComparison(f"Undefined {op!r} on {lhs!r} and {rhs!r}.")

    return oper(lhs, rhs)


def _normalize(*values: str, key: str) -> tuple[str, ...]:
    # PEP 685 – Comparison of extra names for optional distribution dependencies
    # https://peps.python.org/pep-0685/
    # > When comparing extra names, tools MUST normalize the names being
    # > compared using the semantics outlined in PEP 503 for names
    if key == "extra":
        return tuple(canonicalize_name(v) for v in values)

    # other environment markers don't have such standards
    return values


def _evaluate_markers(markers: MarkerList, environment: dict[str, str]) -> bool:
    groups: list[list[bool]] = [[]]

    for marker in markers:
        assert isinstance(marker, (list, tuple, str))

        if isinstance(marker, list):
            groups[-1].append(_evaluate_markers(marker, environment))
        elif isinstance(marker, tuple):
            lhs, op, rhs = marker

            if isinstance(lhs, Variable):
                environment_key = lhs.value
                lhs_value = environment[environment_key]
                rhs_value = rhs.value
            else:
                lhs_value = lhs.value
                environment_key = rhs.value
                rhs_value = environment[environment_key]

            lhs_value, rhs_value = _normalize(lhs_value, rhs_value, key=environment_key)
            groups[-1].append(_eval_op(lhs_value, op, rhs_value))
        else:
            assert marker in ["and", "or"]
            if marker == "or":
                groups.append([])

    return any(all(item) for item in groups)


def format_full_version(info: sys._version_info) -> str:
    version = "{0.major}.{0.minor}.{0.micro}".format(info)
    kind = info.releaselevel
    if kind != "final":
        version += kind[0] + str(info.serial)
    return version


def default_environment() -> Environment:
    iver = format_full_version(sys.implementation.version)
    implementation_name = sys.implementation.name
    return {
        "implementation_name": implementation_name,
        "implementation_version": iver,
        "os_name": os.name,
        "platform_machine": platform.machine(),
        "platform_release": platform.release(),
        "platform_system": platform.system(),
        "platform_version": platform.version(),
        "python_full_version": platform.python_version(),
        "platform_python_implementation": platform.python_implementation(),
        "python_version": ".".join(platform.python_version_tuple()[:2]),
        "sys_platform": sys.platform,
    }


class Marker:
    def __init__(self, marker: str) -> None:
        # Note: We create a Marker object without calling this constructor in
        #       packaging.requirements.Requirement. If any additional logic is
        #       added here, make sure to mirror/adapt Requirement.
        try:
            self._markers = _normalize_extra_values(_parse_marker(marker))
            # The attribute `_markers` can be described in terms of a recursive type:
            # MarkerList = List[Union[Tuple[Node, ...], str, MarkerList]]
            #
            # For example, the following expression:
            # python_version > "3.6" or (python_version == "3.6" and os_name == "unix")
            #
            # is parsed into:
            # [
            #     (<Variable('python_version')>, <Op('>')>, <Value('3.6')>),
            #     'and',
            #     [
            #         (<Variable('python_version')>, <Op('==')>, <Value('3.6')>),
            #         'or',
            #         (<Variable('os_name')>, <Op('==')>, <Value('unix')>)
            #     ]
            # ]
        except ParserSyntaxError as e:
            raise InvalidMarker(str(e)) from e

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return _format_marker(self._markers)

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return f"<Marker('{self}')>"

    def __hash__(self) -> int:
        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, str(self)))

    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
        if not isinstance(other, Marker):
            return NotImplemented

        return str(self) == str(other)

    def evaluate(self, environment: dict[str, str] | None = None) -> bool:
        """Evaluate a marker.

        Return the boolean from evaluating the given marker against the
        environment. environment is an optional argument to override all or
        part of the determined environment.

        The environment is determined from the current Python process.
        """
        current_environment = cast("dict[str, str]", default_environment())
        current_environment["extra"] = ""
        # Work around platform.python_version() returning something that is not PEP 440
        # compliant for non-tagged Python builds. We preserve default_environment()'s
        # behavior of returning platform.python_version() verbatim, and leave it to the
        # caller to provide a syntactically valid version if they want to override it.
        if current_environment["python_full_version"].endswith("+"):
            current_environment["python_full_version"] += "local"
        if environment is not None:
            current_environment.update(environment)
            # The API used to allow setting extra to None. We need to handle this
            # case for backwards compatibility.
            if current_environment["extra"] is None:
                current_environment["extra"] = ""

        return _evaluate_markers(self._markers, current_environment)

from __future__ import absolute_import

import errno
import logging
import re
import socket
import sys
import warnings
from socket import error as SocketError
from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout

from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict
from .connection import (
    BaseSSLError,
    BrokenPipeError,
    DummyConnection,
    HTTPConnection,
    HTTPException,
    HTTPSConnection,
    VerifiedHTTPSConnection,
    port_by_scheme,
)
from .exceptions import (
    ClosedPoolError,
    EmptyPoolError,
    HeaderParsingError,
    HostChangedError,
    InsecureRequestWarning,
    LocationValueError,
    MaxRetryError,
    NewConnectionError,
    ProtocolError,
    ProxyError,
    ReadTimeoutError,
    SSLError,
    TimeoutError,
)
from .packages import six
from .packages.six.moves import queue
from .request import RequestMethods
from .response import HTTPResponse
from .util.connection import is_connection_dropped
from .util.proxy import connection_requires_http_tunnel
from .util.queue import LifoQueue
from .util.request import set_file_position
from .util.response import assert_header_parsing
from .util.retry import Retry
from .util.ssl_match_hostname import CertificateError
from .util.timeout import Timeout
from .util.url import Url, _encode_target
from .util.url import _normalize_host as normalize_host
from .util.url import get_host, parse_url

try:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
    import weakref

    weakref_finalize = weakref.finalize
except AttributeError:  # Platform-specific: Python 2
    from .packages.backports.weakref_finalize import weakref_finalize

xrange = six.moves.xrange

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

_Default = object()


# Pool objects
class ConnectionPool(object):
    """
    Base class for all connection pools, such as
    :class:`.HTTPConnectionPool` and :class:`.HTTPSConnectionPool`.

    .. note::
       ConnectionPool.urlopen() does not normalize or percent-encode target URIs
       which is useful if your target server doesn't support percent-encoded
       target URIs.
    """

    scheme = None
    QueueCls = LifoQueue

    def __init__(self, host, port=None):
        if not host:
            raise LocationValueError("No host specified.")

        self.host = _normalize_host(host, scheme=self.scheme)
        self._proxy_host = host.lower()
        self.port = port

    def __str__(self):
        return "%s(host=%r, port=%r)" % (type(self).__name__, self.host, self.port)

    def __enter__(self):
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        self.close()
        # Return False to re-raise any potential exceptions
        return False

    def close(self):
        """
        Close all pooled connections and disable the pool.
        """
        pass


# This is taken from http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/7aaba721ebc0/Lib/socket.py#l252
_blocking_errnos = {errno.EAGAIN, errno.EWOULDBLOCK}


class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
    """
    Thread-safe connection pool for one host.

    :param host:
        Host used for this HTTP Connection (e.g. "localhost"), passed into
        :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection`.

    :param port:
        Port used for this HTTP Connection (None is equivalent to 80), passed
        into :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection`.

    :param strict:
        Causes BadStatusLine to be raised if the status line can't be parsed
        as a valid HTTP/1.0 or 1.1 status line, passed into
        :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection`.

        .. note::
           Only works in Python 2. This parameter is ignored in Python 3.

    :param timeout:
        Socket timeout in seconds for each individual connection. This can
        be a float or integer, which sets the timeout for the HTTP request,
        or an instance of :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout` which gives you more
        fine-grained control over request timeouts. After the constructor has
        been parsed, this is always a `urllib3.util.Timeout` object.

    :param maxsize:
        Number of connections to save that can be reused. More than 1 is useful
        in multithreaded situations. If ``block`` is set to False, more
        connections will be created but they will not be saved once they've
        been used.

    :param block:
        If set to True, no more than ``maxsize`` connections will be used at
        a time. When no free connections are available, the call will block
        until a connection has been released. This is a useful side effect for
        particular multithreaded situations where one does not want to use more
        than maxsize connections per host to prevent flooding.

    :param headers:
        Headers to include with all requests, unless other headers are given
        explicitly.

    :param retries:
        Retry configuration to use by default with requests in this pool.

    :param _proxy:
        Parsed proxy URL, should not be used directly, instead, see
        :class:`urllib3.ProxyManager`

    :param _proxy_headers:
        A dictionary with proxy headers, should not be used directly,
        instead, see :class:`urllib3.ProxyManager`

    :param \\**conn_kw:
        Additional parameters are used to create fresh :class:`urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection`,
        :class:`urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection` instances.
    """

    scheme = "http"
    ConnectionCls = HTTPConnection
    ResponseCls = HTTPResponse

    def __init__(
        self,
        host,
        port=None,
        strict=False,
        timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
        maxsize=1,
        block=False,
        headers=None,
        retries=None,
        _proxy=None,
        _proxy_headers=None,
        _proxy_config=None,
        **conn_kw
    ):
        ConnectionPool.__init__(self, host, port)
        RequestMethods.__init__(self, headers)

        self.strict = strict

        if not isinstance(timeout, Timeout):
            timeout = Timeout.from_float(timeout)

        if retries is None:
            retries = Retry.DEFAULT

        self.timeout = timeout
        self.retries = retries

        self.pool = self.QueueCls(maxsize)
        self.block = block

        self.proxy = _proxy
        self.proxy_headers = _proxy_headers or {}
        self.proxy_config = _proxy_config

        # Fill the queue up so that doing get() on it will block properly
        for _ in xrange(maxsize):
            self.pool.put(None)

        # These are mostly for testing and debugging purposes.
        self.num_connections = 0
        self.num_requests = 0
        self.conn_kw = conn_kw

        if self.proxy:
            # Enable Nagle's algorithm for proxies, to avoid packet fragmentation.
            # We cannot know if the user has added default socket options, so we cannot replace the
            # list.
            self.conn_kw.setdefault("socket_options", [])

            self.conn_kw["proxy"] = self.proxy
            self.conn_kw["proxy_config"] = self.proxy_config

        # Do not pass 'self' as callback to 'finalize'.
        # Then the 'finalize' would keep an endless living (leak) to self.
        # By just passing a reference to the pool allows the garbage collector
        # to free self if nobody else has a reference to it.
        pool = self.pool

        # Close all the HTTPConnections in the pool before the
        # HTTPConnectionPool object is garbage collected.
        weakref_finalize(self, _close_pool_connections, pool)

    def _new_conn(self):
        """
        Return a fresh :class:`HTTPConnection`.
        """
        self.num_connections += 1
        log.debug(
            "Starting new HTTP connection (%d): %s:%s",
            self.num_connections,
            self.host,
            self.port or "80",
        )

        conn = self.ConnectionCls(
            host=self.host,
            port=self.port,
            timeout=self.timeout.connect_timeout,
            strict=self.strict,
            **self.conn_kw
        )
        return conn

    def _get_conn(self, timeout=None):
        """
        Get a connection. Will return a pooled connection if one is available.

        If no connections are available and :prop:`.block` is ``False``, then a
        fresh connection is returned.

        :param timeout:
            Seconds to wait before giving up and raising
            :class:`urllib3.exceptions.EmptyPoolError` if the pool is empty and
            :prop:`.block` is ``True``.
        """
        conn = None
        try:
            conn = self.pool.get(block=self.block, timeout=timeout)

        except AttributeError:  # self.pool is None
            raise ClosedPoolError(self, "Pool is closed.")

        except queue.Empty:
            if self.block:
                raise EmptyPoolError(
                    self,
                    "Pool reached maximum size and no more connections are allowed.",
                )
            pass  # Oh well, we'll create a new connection then

        # If this is a persistent connection, check if it got disconnected
        if conn and is_connection_dropped(conn):
            log.debug("Resetting dropped connection: %s", self.host)
            conn.close()
            if getattr(conn, "auto_open", 1) == 0:
                # This is a proxied connection that has been mutated by
                # http.client._tunnel() and cannot be reused (since it would
                # attempt to bypass the proxy)
                conn = None

        return conn or self._new_conn()

    def _put_conn(self, conn):
        """
        Put a connection back into the pool.

        :param conn:
            Connection object for the current host and port as returned by
            :meth:`._new_conn` or :meth:`._get_conn`.

        If the pool is already full, the connection is closed and discarded
        because we exceeded maxsize. If connections are discarded frequently,
        then maxsize should be increased.

        If the pool is closed, then the connection will be closed and discarded.
        """
        try:
            self.pool.put(conn, block=False)
            return  # Everything is dandy, done.
        except AttributeError:
            # self.pool is None.
            pass
        except queue.Full:
            # This should never happen if self.block == True
            log.warning(
                "Connection pool is full, discarding connection: %s. Connection pool size: %s",
                self.host,
                self.pool.qsize(),
            )
        # Connection never got put back into the pool, close it.
        if conn:
            conn.close()

    def _validate_conn(self, conn):
        """
        Called right before a request is made, after the socket is created.
        """
        pass

    def _prepare_proxy(self, conn):
        # Nothing to do for HTTP connections.
        pass

    def _get_timeout(self, timeout):
        """Helper that always returns a :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`"""
        if timeout is _Default:
            return self.timeout.clone()

        if isinstance(timeout, Timeout):
            return timeout.clone()
        else:
            # User passed us an int/float. This is for backwards compatibility,
            # can be removed later
            return Timeout.from_float(timeout)

    def _raise_timeout(self, err, url, timeout_value):
        """Is the error actually a timeout? Will raise a ReadTimeout or pass"""

        if isinstance(err, SocketTimeout):
            raise ReadTimeoutError(
                self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
            )

        # See the above comment about EAGAIN in Python 3. In Python 2 we have
        # to specifically catch it and throw the timeout error
        if hasattr(err, "errno") and err.errno in _blocking_errnos:
            raise ReadTimeoutError(
                self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
            )

        # Catch possible read timeouts thrown as SSL errors. If not the
        # case, rethrow the original. We need to do this because of:
        # http://bugs.python.org/issue10272
        if "timed out" in str(err) or "did not complete (read)" in str(
            err
        ):  # Python < 2.7.4
            raise ReadTimeoutError(
                self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
            )

    def _make_request(
        self, conn, method, url, timeout=_Default, chunked=False, **httplib_request_kw
    ):
        """
        Perform a request on a given urllib connection object taken from our
        pool.

        :param conn:
            a connection from one of our connection pools

        :param timeout:
            Socket timeout in seconds for the request. This can be a
            float or integer, which will set the same timeout value for
            the socket connect and the socket read, or an instance of
            :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`, which gives you more fine-grained
            control over your timeouts.
        """
        self.num_requests += 1

        timeout_obj = self._get_timeout(timeout)
        timeout_obj.start_connect()
        conn.timeout = Timeout.resolve_default_timeout(timeout_obj.connect_timeout)

        # Trigger any extra validation we need to do.
        try:
            self._validate_conn(conn)
        except (SocketTimeout, BaseSSLError) as e:
            # Py2 raises this as a BaseSSLError, Py3 raises it as socket timeout.
            self._raise_timeout(err=e, url=url, timeout_value=conn.timeout)
            raise

        # conn.request() calls http.client.*.request, not the method in
        # urllib3.request. It also calls makefile (recv) on the socket.
        try:
            if chunked:
                conn.request_chunked(method, url, **httplib_request_kw)
            else:
                conn.request(method, url, **httplib_request_kw)

        # We are swallowing BrokenPipeError (errno.EPIPE) since the server is
        # legitimately able to close the connection after sending a valid response.
        # With this behaviour, the received response is still readable.
        except BrokenPipeError:
            # Python 3
            pass
        except IOError as e:
            # Python 2 and macOS/Linux
            # EPIPE and ESHUTDOWN are BrokenPipeError on Python 2, and EPROTOTYPE/ECONNRESET are needed on macOS
            # https://erickt.github.io/blog/2014/11/19/adventures-in-debugging-a-potential-osx-kernel-bug/
            if e.errno not in {
                errno.EPIPE,
                errno.ESHUTDOWN,
                errno.EPROTOTYPE,
                errno.ECONNRESET,
            }:
                raise

        # Reset the timeout for the recv() on the socket
        read_timeout = timeout_obj.read_timeout

        # App Engine doesn't have a sock attr
        if getattr(conn, "sock", None):
            # In Python 3 socket.py will catch EAGAIN and return None when you
            # try and read into the file pointer created by http.client, which
            # instead raises a BadStatusLine exception. Instead of catching
            # the exception and assuming all BadStatusLine exceptions are read
            # timeouts, check for a zero timeout before making the request.
            if read_timeout == 0:
                raise ReadTimeoutError(
                    self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % read_timeout
                )
            if read_timeout is Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
                conn.sock.settimeout(socket.getdefaulttimeout())
            else:  # None or a value
                conn.sock.settimeout(read_timeout)

        # Receive the response from the server
        try:
            try:
                # Python 2.7, use buffering of HTTP responses
                httplib_response = conn.getresponse(buffering=True)
            except TypeError:
                # Python 3
                try:
                    httplib_response = conn.getresponse()
                except BaseException as e:
                    # Remove the TypeError from the exception chain in
                    # Python 3 (including for exceptions like SystemExit).
                    # Otherwise it looks like a bug in the code.
                    six.raise_from(e, None)
        except (SocketTimeout, BaseSSLError, SocketError) as e:
            self._raise_timeout(err=e, url=url, timeout_value=read_timeout)
            raise

        # AppEngine doesn't have a version attr.
        http_version = getattr(conn, "_http_vsn_str", "HTTP/?")
        log.debug(
            '%s://%s:%s "%s %s %s" %s %s',
            self.scheme,
            self.host,
            self.port,
            method,
            url,
            http_version,
            httplib_response.status,
            httplib_response.length,
        )

        try:
            assert_header_parsing(httplib_response.msg)
        except (HeaderParsingError, TypeError) as hpe:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
            log.warning(
                "Failed to parse headers (url=%s): %s",
                self._absolute_url(url),
                hpe,
                exc_info=True,
            )

        return httplib_response

    def _absolute_url(self, path):
        return Url(scheme=self.scheme, host=self.host, port=self.port, path=path).url

    def close(self):
        """
        Close all pooled connections and disable the pool.
        """
        if self.pool is None:
            return
        # Disable access to the pool
        old_pool, self.pool = self.pool, None

        # Close all the HTTPConnections in the pool.
        _close_pool_connections(old_pool)

    def is_same_host(self, url):
        """
        Check if the given ``url`` is a member of the same host as this
        connection pool.
        """
        if url.startswith("/"):
            return True

        # TODO: Add optional support for socket.gethostbyname checking.
        scheme, host, port = get_host(url)
        if host is not None:
            host = _normalize_host(host, scheme=scheme)

        # Use explicit default port for comparison when none is given
        if self.port and not port:
            port = port_by_scheme.get(scheme)
        elif not self.port and port == port_by_scheme.get(scheme):
            port = None

        return (scheme, host, port) == (self.scheme, self.host, self.port)

    def urlopen(
        self,
        method,
        url,
        body=None,
        headers=None,
        retries=None,
        redirect=True,
        assert_same_host=True,
        timeout=_Default,
        pool_timeout=None,
        release_conn=None,
        chunked=False,
        body_pos=None,
        **response_kw
    ):
        """
        Get a connection from the pool and perform an HTTP request. This is the
        lowest level call for making a request, so you'll need to specify all
        the raw details.

        .. note::

           More commonly, it's appropriate to use a convenience method provided
           by :class:`.RequestMethods`, such as :meth:`request`.

        .. note::

           `release_conn` will only behave as expected if
           `preload_content=False` because we want to make
           `preload_content=False` the default behaviour someday soon without
           breaking backwards compatibility.

        :param method:
            HTTP request method (such as GET, POST, PUT, etc.)

        :param url:
            The URL to perform the request on.

        :param body:
            Data to send in the request body, either :class:`str`, :class:`bytes`,
            an iterable of :class:`str`/:class:`bytes`, or a file-like object.

        :param headers:
            Dictionary of custom headers to send, such as User-Agent,
            If-None-Match, etc. If None, pool headers are used. If provided,
            these headers completely replace any pool-specific headers.

        :param retries:
            Configure the number of retries to allow before raising a
            :class:`~urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError` exception.

            Pass ``None`` to retry until you receive a response. Pass a
            :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry` object for fine-grained control
            over different types of retries.
            Pass an integer number to retry connection errors that many times,
            but no other types of errors. Pass zero to never retry.

            If ``False``, then retries are disabled and any exception is raised
            immediately. Also, instead of raising a MaxRetryError on redirects,
            the redirect response will be returned.

        :type retries: :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry`, False, or an int.

        :param redirect:
            If True, automatically handle redirects (status codes 301, 302,
            303, 307, 308). Each redirect counts as a retry. Disabling retries
            will disable redirect, too.

        :param assert_same_host:
            If ``True``, will make sure that the host of the pool requests is
            consistent else will raise HostChangedError. When ``False``, you can
            use the pool on an HTTP proxy and request foreign hosts.

        :param timeout:
            If specified, overrides the default timeout for this one
            request. It may be a float (in seconds) or an instance of
            :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`.

        :param pool_timeout:
            If set and the pool is set to block=True, then this method will
            block for ``pool_timeout`` seconds and raise EmptyPoolError if no
            connection is available within the time period.

        :param release_conn:
            If False, then the urlopen call will not release the connection
            back into the pool once a response is received (but will release if
            you read the entire contents of the response such as when
            `preload_content=True`). This is useful if you're not preloading
            the response's content immediately. You will need to call
            ``r.release_conn()`` on the response ``r`` to return the connection
            back into the pool. If None, it takes the value of
            ``response_kw.get('preload_content', True)``.

        :param chunked:
            If True, urllib3 will send the body using chunked transfer
            encoding. Otherwise, urllib3 will send the body using the standard
            content-length form. Defaults to False.

        :param int body_pos:
            Position to seek to in file-like body in the event of a retry or
            redirect. Typically this won't need to be set because urllib3 will
            auto-populate the value when needed.

        :param \\**response_kw:
            Additional parameters are passed to
            :meth:`urllib3.response.HTTPResponse.from_httplib`
        """

        parsed_url = parse_url(url)
        destination_scheme = parsed_url.scheme

        if headers is None:
            headers = self.headers

        if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
            retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect, default=self.retries)

        if release_conn is None:
            release_conn = response_kw.get("preload_content", True)

        # Check host
        if assert_same_host and not self.is_same_host(url):
            raise HostChangedError(self, url, retries)

        # Ensure that the URL we're connecting to is properly encoded
        if url.startswith("/"):
            url = six.ensure_str(_encode_target(url))
        else:
            url = six.ensure_str(parsed_url.url)

        conn = None

        # Track whether `conn` needs to be released before
        # returning/raising/recursing. Update this variable if necessary, and
        # leave `release_conn` constant throughout the function. That way, if
        # the function recurses, the original value of `release_conn` will be
        # passed down into the recursive call, and its value will be respected.
        #
        # See issue #651 [1] for details.
        #
        # [1] <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/651>
        release_this_conn = release_conn

        http_tunnel_required = connection_requires_http_tunnel(
            self.proxy, self.proxy_config, destination_scheme
        )

        # Merge the proxy headers. Only done when not using HTTP CONNECT. We
        # have to copy the headers dict so we can safely change it without those
        # changes being reflected in anyone else's copy.
        if not http_tunnel_required:
            headers = headers.copy()
            headers.update(self.proxy_headers)

        # Must keep the exception bound to a separate variable or else Python 3
        # complains about UnboundLocalError.
        err = None

        # Keep track of whether we cleanly exited the except block. This
        # ensures we do proper cleanup in finally.
        clean_exit = False

        # Rewind body position, if needed. Record current position
        # for future rewinds in the event of a redirect/retry.
        body_pos = set_file_position(body, body_pos)

        try:
            # Request a connection from the queue.
            timeout_obj = self._get_timeout(timeout)
            conn = self._get_conn(timeout=pool_timeout)

            conn.timeout = timeout_obj.connect_timeout

            is_new_proxy_conn = self.proxy is not None and not getattr(
                conn, "sock", None
            )
            if is_new_proxy_conn and http_tunnel_required:
                self._prepare_proxy(conn)

            # Make the request on the httplib connection object.
            httplib_response = self._make_request(
                conn,
                method,
                url,
                timeout=timeout_obj,
                body=body,
                headers=headers,
                chunked=chunked,
            )

            # If we're going to release the connection in ``finally:``, then
            # the response doesn't need to know about the connection. Otherwise
            # it will also try to release it and we'll have a double-release
            # mess.
            response_conn = conn if not release_conn else None

            # Pass method to Response for length checking
            response_kw["request_method"] = method

            # Import httplib's response into our own wrapper object
            response = self.ResponseCls.from_httplib(
                httplib_response,
                pool=self,
                connection=response_conn,
                retries=retries,
                **response_kw
            )

            # Everything went great!
            clean_exit = True

        except EmptyPoolError:
            # Didn't get a connection from the pool, no need to clean up
            clean_exit = True
            release_this_conn = False
            raise

        except (
            TimeoutError,
            HTTPException,
            SocketError,
            ProtocolError,
            BaseSSLError,
            SSLError,
            CertificateError,
        ) as e:
            # Discard the connection for these exceptions. It will be
            # replaced during the next _get_conn() call.
            clean_exit = False

            def _is_ssl_error_message_from_http_proxy(ssl_error):
                # We're trying to detect the message 'WRONG_VERSION_NUMBER' but
                # SSLErrors are kinda all over the place when it comes to the message,
                # so we try to cover our bases here!
                message = " ".join(re.split("[^a-z]", str(ssl_error).lower()))
                return (
                    "wrong version number" in message
                    or "unknown protocol" in message
                    or "record layer failure" in message
                )

            # Try to detect a common user error with proxies which is to
            # set an HTTP proxy to be HTTPS when it should be 'http://'
            # (ie {'http': 'http://proxy', 'https': 'https://proxy'})
            # Instead we add a nice error message and point to a URL.
            if (
                isinstance(e, BaseSSLError)
                and self.proxy
                and _is_ssl_error_message_from_http_proxy(e)
                and conn.proxy
                and conn.proxy.scheme == "https"
            ):
                e = ProxyError(
                    "Your proxy appears to only use HTTP and not HTTPS, "
                    "try changing your proxy URL to be HTTP. See: "
                    "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
                    "#https-proxy-error-http-proxy",
                    SSLError(e),
                )
            elif isinstance(e, (BaseSSLError, CertificateError)):
                e = SSLError(e)
            elif isinstance(e, (SocketError, NewConnectionError)) and self.proxy:
                e = ProxyError("Cannot connect to proxy.", e)
            elif isinstance(e, (SocketError, HTTPException)):
                e = ProtocolError("Connection aborted.", e)

            retries = retries.increment(
                method, url, error=e, _pool=self, _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2]
            )
            retries.sleep()

            # Keep track of the error for the retry warning.
            err = e

        finally:
            if not clean_exit:
                # We hit some kind of exception, handled or otherwise. We need
                # to throw the connection away unless explicitly told not to.
                # Close the connection, set the variable to None, and make sure
                # we put the None back in the pool to avoid leaking it.
                conn = conn and conn.close()
                release_this_conn = True

            if release_this_conn:
                # Put the connection back to be reused. If the connection is
                # expired then it will be None, which will get replaced with a
                # fresh connection during _get_conn.
                self._put_conn(conn)

        if not conn:
            # Try again
            log.warning(
                "Retrying (%r) after connection broken by '%r': %s", retries, err, url
            )
            return self.urlopen(
                method,
                url,
                body,
                headers,
                retries,
                redirect,
                assert_same_host,
                timeout=timeout,
                pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
                release_conn=release_conn,
                chunked=chunked,
                body_pos=body_pos,
                **response_kw
            )

        # Handle redirect?
        redirect_location = redirect and response.get_redirect_location()
        if redirect_location:
            if response.status == 303:
                # Change the method according to RFC 9110, Section 15.4.4.
                method = "GET"
                # And lose the body not to transfer anything sensitive.
                body = None
                headers = HTTPHeaderDict(headers)._prepare_for_method_change()

            try:
                retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=response, _pool=self)
            except MaxRetryError:
                if retries.raise_on_redirect:
                    response.drain_conn()
                    raise
                return response

            response.drain_conn()
            retries.sleep_for_retry(response)
            log.debug("Redirecting %s -> %s", url, redirect_location)
            return self.urlopen(
                method,
                redirect_location,
                body,
                headers,
                retries=retries,
                redirect=redirect,
                assert_same_host=assert_same_host,
                timeout=timeout,
                pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
                release_conn=release_conn,
                chunked=chunked,
                body_pos=body_pos,
                **response_kw
            )

        # Check if we should retry the HTTP response.
        has_retry_after = bool(response.headers.get("Retry-After"))
        if retries.is_retry(method, response.status, has_retry_after):
            try:
                retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=response, _pool=self)
            except MaxRetryError:
                if retries.raise_on_status:
                    response.drain_conn()
                    raise
                return response

            response.drain_conn()
            retries.sleep(response)
            log.debug("Retry: %s", url)
            return self.urlopen(
                method,
                url,
                body,
                headers,
                retries=retries,
                redirect=redirect,
                assert_same_host=assert_same_host,
                timeout=timeout,
                pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
                release_conn=release_conn,
                chunked=chunked,
                body_pos=body_pos,
                **response_kw
            )

        return response


class HTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
    """
    Same as :class:`.HTTPConnectionPool`, but HTTPS.

    :class:`.HTTPSConnection` uses one of ``assert_fingerprint``,
    ``assert_hostname`` and ``host`` in this order to verify connections.
    If ``assert_hostname`` is False, no verification is done.

    The ``key_file``, ``cert_file``, ``cert_reqs``, ``ca_certs``,
    ``ca_cert_dir``, ``ssl_version``, ``key_password`` are only used if :mod:`ssl`
    is available and are fed into :meth:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket` to upgrade
    the connection socket into an SSL socket.
    """

    scheme = "https"
    ConnectionCls = HTTPSConnection

    def __init__(
        self,
        host,
        port=None,
        strict=False,
        timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
        maxsize=1,
        block=False,
        headers=None,
        retries=None,
        _proxy=None,
        _proxy_headers=None,
        key_file=None,
        cert_file=None,
        cert_reqs=None,
        key_password=None,
        ca_certs=None,
        ssl_version=None,
        assert_hostname=None,
        assert_fingerprint=None,
        ca_cert_dir=None,
        **conn_kw
    ):

        HTTPConnectionPool.__init__(
            self,
            host,
            port,
            strict,
            timeout,
            maxsize,
            block,
            headers,
            retries,
            _proxy,
            _proxy_headers,
            **conn_kw
        )

        self.key_file = key_file
        self.cert_file = cert_file
        self.cert_reqs = cert_reqs
        self.key_password = key_password
        self.ca_certs = ca_certs
        self.ca_cert_dir = ca_cert_dir
        self.ssl_version = ssl_version
        self.assert_hostname = assert_hostname
        self.assert_fingerprint = assert_fingerprint

    def _prepare_conn(self, conn):
        """
        Prepare the ``connection`` for :meth:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket`
        and establish the tunnel if proxy is used.
        """

        if isinstance(conn, VerifiedHTTPSConnection):
            conn.set_cert(
                key_file=self.key_file,
                key_password=self.key_password,
                cert_file=self.cert_file,
                cert_reqs=self.cert_reqs,
                ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
                ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
                assert_hostname=self.assert_hostname,
                assert_fingerprint=self.assert_fingerprint,
            )
            conn.ssl_version = self.ssl_version
        return conn

    def _prepare_proxy(self, conn):
        """
        Establishes a tunnel connection through HTTP CONNECT.

        Tunnel connection is established early because otherwise httplib would
        improperly set Host: header to proxy's IP:port.
        """

        conn.set_tunnel(self._proxy_host, self.port, self.proxy_headers)

        if self.proxy.scheme == "https":
            conn.tls_in_tls_required = True

        conn.connect()

    def _new_conn(self):
        """
        Return a fresh :class:`http.client.HTTPSConnection`.
        """
        self.num_connections += 1
        log.debug(
            "Starting new HTTPS connection (%d): %s:%s",
            self.num_connections,
            self.host,
            self.port or "443",
        )

        if not self.ConnectionCls or self.ConnectionCls is DummyConnection:
            raise SSLError(
                "Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available."
            )

        actual_host = self.host
        actual_port = self.port
        if self.proxy is not None:
            actual_host = self.proxy.host
            actual_port = self.proxy.port

        conn = self.ConnectionCls(
            host=actual_host,
            port=actual_port,
            timeout=self.timeout.connect_timeout,
            strict=self.strict,
            cert_file=self.cert_file,
            key_file=self.key_file,
            key_password=self.key_password,
            **self.conn_kw
        )

        return self._prepare_conn(conn)

    def _validate_conn(self, conn):
        """
        Called right before a request is made, after the socket is created.
        """
        super(HTTPSConnectionPool, self)._validate_conn(conn)

        # Force connect early to allow us to validate the connection.
        if not getattr(conn, "sock", None):  # AppEngine might not have  `.sock`
            conn.connect()

        if not conn.is_verified:
            warnings.warn(
                (
                    "Unverified HTTPS request is being made to host '%s'. "
                    "Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: "
                    "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
                    "#ssl-warnings" % conn.host
                ),
                InsecureRequestWarning,
            )

        if getattr(conn, "proxy_is_verified", None) is False:
            warnings.warn(
                (
                    "Unverified HTTPS connection done to an HTTPS proxy. "
                    "Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: "
                    "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
                    "#ssl-warnings"
                ),
                InsecureRequestWarning,
            )


def connection_from_url(url, **kw):
    """
    Given a url, return an :class:`.ConnectionPool` instance of its host.

    This is a shortcut for not having to parse out the scheme, host, and port
    of the url before creating an :class:`.ConnectionPool` instance.

    :param url:
        Absolute URL string that must include the scheme. Port is optional.

    :param \\**kw:
        Passes additional parameters to the constructor of the appropriate
        :class:`.ConnectionPool`. Useful for specifying things like
        timeout, maxsize, headers, etc.

    Example::

        >>> conn = connection_from_url('http://google.com/')
        >>> r = conn.request('GET', '/')
    """
    scheme, host, port = get_host(url)
    port = port or port_by_scheme.get(scheme, 80)
    if scheme == "https":
        return HTTPSConnectionPool(host, port=port, **kw)
    else:
        return HTTPConnectionPool(host, port=port, **kw)


def _normalize_host(host, scheme):
    """
    Normalize hosts for comparisons and use with sockets.
    """

    host = normalize_host(host, scheme)

    # httplib doesn't like it when we include brackets in IPv6 addresses
    # Specifically, if we include brackets but also pass the port then
    # httplib crazily doubles up the square brackets on the Host header.
    # Instead, we need to make sure we never pass ``None`` as the port.
    # However, for backward compatibility reasons we can't actually
    # *assert* that.  See http://bugs.python.org/issue28539
    if host.startswith("[") and host.endswith("]"):
        host = host[1:-1]
    return host


def _close_pool_connections(pool):
    """Drains a queue of connections and closes each one."""
    try:
        while True:
            conn = pool.get(block=False)
            if conn:
                conn.close()
    except queue.Empty:
        pass  # Done.

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from typing import Any


class Pager(ABC):
    """Base class for a pager."""

    @abstractmethod
    def show(self, content: str) -> None:
        """Show content in pager.

        Args:
            content (str): Content to be displayed.
        """


class SystemPager(Pager):
    """Uses the pager installed on the system."""

    def _pager(self, content: str) -> Any:  #  pragma: no cover
        return __import__("pydoc").pager(content)

    def show(self, content: str) -> None:
        """Use the same pager used by pydoc."""
        self._pager(content)


if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
    from .__main__ import make_test_card
    from .console import Console

    console = Console()
    with console.pager(styles=True):
        console.print(make_test_card())