import collections
import logging
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Generator, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple

from pip._internal.utils.logging import indent_log

from .req_file import parse_requirements
from .req_install import InstallRequirement
from .req_set import RequirementSet

__all__ = [
    "RequirementSet",
    "InstallRequirement",
    "parse_requirements",
    "install_given_reqs",
]

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


@dataclass(frozen=True)
class InstallationResult:
    name: str


def _validate_requirements(
    requirements: List[InstallRequirement],
) -> Generator[Tuple[str, InstallRequirement], None, None]:
    for req in requirements:
        assert req.name, f"invalid to-be-installed requirement: {req}"
        yield req.name, req


def install_given_reqs(
    requirements: List[InstallRequirement],
    global_options: Sequence[str],
    root: Optional[str],
    home: Optional[str],
    prefix: Optional[str],
    warn_script_location: bool,
    use_user_site: bool,
    pycompile: bool,
) -> List[InstallationResult]:
    """
    Install everything in the given list.

    (to be called after having downloaded and unpacked the packages)
    """
    to_install = collections.OrderedDict(_validate_requirements(requirements))

    if to_install:
        logger.info(
            "Installing collected packages: %s",
            ", ".join(to_install.keys()),
        )

    installed = []

    with indent_log():
        for req_name, requirement in to_install.items():
            if requirement.should_reinstall:
                logger.info("Attempting uninstall: %s", req_name)
                with indent_log():
                    uninstalled_pathset = requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
            else:
                uninstalled_pathset = None

            try:
                requirement.install(
                    global_options,
                    root=root,
                    home=home,
                    prefix=prefix,
                    warn_script_location=warn_script_location,
                    use_user_site=use_user_site,
                    pycompile=pycompile,
                )
            except Exception:
                # if install did not succeed, rollback previous uninstall
                if uninstalled_pathset and not requirement.install_succeeded:
                    uninstalled_pathset.rollback()
                raise
            else:
                if uninstalled_pathset and requirement.install_succeeded:
                    uninstalled_pathset.commit()

            installed.append(InstallationResult(req_name))

    return installed

# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
# for complete details.

__title__ = "packaging"
__summary__ = "Core utilities for Python packages"
__uri__ = "https://github.com/pypa/packaging"

__version__ = "24.1"

__author__ = "Donald Stufft and individual contributors"
__email__ = "donald@stufft.io"

__license__ = "BSD-2-Clause or Apache-2.0"
__copyright__ = "2014 %s" % __author__

import functools
import os
import site
import sys
import sysconfig
import typing

from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
from pip._internal.utils import appdirs
from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv

# Application Directories
USER_CACHE_DIR = appdirs.user_cache_dir("pip")

# FIXME doesn't account for venv linked to global site-packages
site_packages: str = sysconfig.get_path("purelib")


def get_major_minor_version() -> str:
    """
    Return the major-minor version of the current Python as a string, e.g.
    "3.7" or "3.10".
    """
    return "{}.{}".format(*sys.version_info)


def change_root(new_root: str, pathname: str) -> str:
    """Return 'pathname' with 'new_root' prepended.

    If 'pathname' is relative, this is equivalent to os.path.join(new_root, pathname).
    Otherwise, it requires making 'pathname' relative and then joining the
    two, which is tricky on DOS/Windows and Mac OS.

    This is borrowed from Python's standard library's distutils module.
    """
    if os.name == "posix":
        if not os.path.isabs(pathname):
            return os.path.join(new_root, pathname)
        else:
            return os.path.join(new_root, pathname[1:])

    elif os.name == "nt":
        (drive, path) = os.path.splitdrive(pathname)
        if path[0] == "\\":
            path = path[1:]
        return os.path.join(new_root, path)

    else:
        raise InstallationError(
            f"Unknown platform: {os.name}\n"
            "Can not change root path prefix on unknown platform."
        )


def get_src_prefix() -> str:
    if running_under_virtualenv():
        src_prefix = os.path.join(sys.prefix, "src")
    else:
        # FIXME: keep src in cwd for now (it is not a temporary folder)
        try:
            src_prefix = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "src")
        except OSError:
            # In case the current working directory has been renamed or deleted
            sys.exit("The folder you are executing pip from can no longer be found.")

    # under macOS + virtualenv sys.prefix is not properly resolved
    # it is something like /path/to/python/bin/..
    return os.path.abspath(src_prefix)


try:
    # Use getusersitepackages if this is present, as it ensures that the
    # value is initialised properly.
    user_site: typing.Optional[str] = site.getusersitepackages()
except AttributeError:
    user_site = site.USER_SITE


@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
def is_osx_framework() -> bool:
    return bool(sysconfig.get_config_var("PYTHONFRAMEWORK"))

"""
A module that implements tooling to enable easy warnings about deprecations.
"""

import logging
import warnings
from typing import Any, Optional, TextIO, Type, Union

from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse

from pip import __version__ as current_version  # NOTE: tests patch this name.

DEPRECATION_MSG_PREFIX = "DEPRECATION: "


class PipDeprecationWarning(Warning):
    pass


_original_showwarning: Any = None


# Warnings <-> Logging Integration
def _showwarning(
    message: Union[Warning, str],
    category: Type[Warning],
    filename: str,
    lineno: int,
    file: Optional[TextIO] = None,
    line: Optional[str] = None,
) -> None:
    if file is not None:
        if _original_showwarning is not None:
            _original_showwarning(message, category, filename, lineno, file, line)
    elif issubclass(category, PipDeprecationWarning):
        # We use a specially named logger which will handle all of the
        # deprecation messages for pip.
        logger = logging.getLogger("pip._internal.deprecations")
        logger.warning(message)
    else:
        _original_showwarning(message, category, filename, lineno, file, line)


def install_warning_logger() -> None:
    # Enable our Deprecation Warnings
    warnings.simplefilter("default", PipDeprecationWarning, append=True)

    global _original_showwarning

    if _original_showwarning is None:
        _original_showwarning = warnings.showwarning
        warnings.showwarning = _showwarning


def deprecated(
    *,
    reason: str,
    replacement: Optional[str],
    gone_in: Optional[str],
    feature_flag: Optional[str] = None,
    issue: Optional[int] = None,
) -> None:
    """Helper to deprecate existing functionality.

    reason:
        Textual reason shown to the user about why this functionality has
        been deprecated. Should be a complete sentence.
    replacement:
        Textual suggestion shown to the user about what alternative
        functionality they can use.
    gone_in:
        The version of pip does this functionality should get removed in.
        Raises an error if pip's current version is greater than or equal to
        this.
    feature_flag:
        Command-line flag of the form --use-feature={feature_flag} for testing
        upcoming functionality.
    issue:
        Issue number on the tracker that would serve as a useful place for
        users to find related discussion and provide feedback.
    """

    # Determine whether or not the feature is already gone in this version.
    is_gone = gone_in is not None and parse(current_version) >= parse(gone_in)

    message_parts = [
        (reason, f"{DEPRECATION_MSG_PREFIX}{{}}"),
        (
            gone_in,
            (
                "pip {} will enforce this behaviour change."
                if not is_gone
                else "Since pip {}, this is no longer supported."
            ),
        ),
        (
            replacement,
            "A possible replacement is {}.",
        ),
        (
            feature_flag,
            (
                "You can use the flag --use-feature={} to test the upcoming behaviour."
                if not is_gone
                else None
            ),
        ),
        (
            issue,
            "Discussion can be found at https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/{}",
        ),
    ]

    message = " ".join(
        format_str.format(value)
        for value, format_str in message_parts
        if format_str is not None and value is not None
    )

    # Raise as an error if this behaviour is deprecated.
    if is_gone:
        raise PipDeprecationWarning(message)

    warnings.warn(message, category=PipDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)

import logging
import mimetypes
import os
from collections import defaultdict
from typing import Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Tuple

from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import (
    InvalidSdistFilename,
    InvalidWheelFilename,
    canonicalize_name,
    parse_sdist_filename,
    parse_wheel_filename,
)

from pip._internal.models.candidate import InstallationCandidate
from pip._internal.models.link import Link
from pip._internal.utils.urls import path_to_url, url_to_path
from pip._internal.vcs import is_url

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

FoundCandidates = Iterable[InstallationCandidate]
FoundLinks = Iterable[Link]
CandidatesFromPage = Callable[[Link], Iterable[InstallationCandidate]]
PageValidator = Callable[[Link], bool]


class LinkSource:
    @property
    def link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
        """Returns the underlying link, if there's one."""
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def page_candidates(self) -> FoundCandidates:
        """Candidates found by parsing an archive listing HTML file."""
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def file_links(self) -> FoundLinks:
        """Links found by specifying archives directly."""
        raise NotImplementedError()


def _is_html_file(file_url: str) -> bool:
    return mimetypes.guess_type(file_url, strict=False)[0] == "text/html"


class _FlatDirectoryToUrls:
    """Scans directory and caches results"""

    def __init__(self, path: str) -> None:
        self._path = path
        self._page_candidates: List[str] = []
        self._project_name_to_urls: Dict[str, List[str]] = defaultdict(list)
        self._scanned_directory = False

    def _scan_directory(self) -> None:
        """Scans directory once and populates both page_candidates
        and project_name_to_urls at the same time
        """
        for entry in os.scandir(self._path):
            url = path_to_url(entry.path)
            if _is_html_file(url):
                self._page_candidates.append(url)
                continue

            # File must have a valid wheel or sdist name,
            # otherwise not worth considering as a package
            try:
                project_filename = parse_wheel_filename(entry.name)[0]
            except InvalidWheelFilename:
                try:
                    project_filename = parse_sdist_filename(entry.name)[0]
                except InvalidSdistFilename:
                    continue

            self._project_name_to_urls[project_filename].append(url)
        self._scanned_directory = True

    @property
    def page_candidates(self) -> List[str]:
        if not self._scanned_directory:
            self._scan_directory()

        return self._page_candidates

    @property
    def project_name_to_urls(self) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
        if not self._scanned_directory:
            self._scan_directory()

        return self._project_name_to_urls


class _FlatDirectorySource(LinkSource):
    """Link source specified by ``--find-links=<path-to-dir>``.

    This looks the content of the directory, and returns:

    * ``page_candidates``: Links listed on each HTML file in the directory.
    * ``file_candidates``: Archives in the directory.
    """

    _paths_to_urls: Dict[str, _FlatDirectoryToUrls] = {}

    def __init__(
        self,
        candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
        path: str,
        project_name: str,
    ) -> None:
        self._candidates_from_page = candidates_from_page
        self._project_name = canonicalize_name(project_name)

        # Get existing instance of _FlatDirectoryToUrls if it exists
        if path in self._paths_to_urls:
            self._path_to_urls = self._paths_to_urls[path]
        else:
            self._path_to_urls = _FlatDirectoryToUrls(path=path)
            self._paths_to_urls[path] = self._path_to_urls

    @property
    def link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
        return None

    def page_candidates(self) -> FoundCandidates:
        for url in self._path_to_urls.page_candidates:
            yield from self._candidates_from_page(Link(url))

    def file_links(self) -> FoundLinks:
        for url in self._path_to_urls.project_name_to_urls[self._project_name]:
            yield Link(url)


class _LocalFileSource(LinkSource):
    """``--find-links=<path-or-url>`` or ``--[extra-]index-url=<path-or-url>``.

    If a URL is supplied, it must be a ``file:`` URL. If a path is supplied to
    the option, it is converted to a URL first. This returns:

    * ``page_candidates``: Links listed on an HTML file.
    * ``file_candidates``: The non-HTML file.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
        link: Link,
    ) -> None:
        self._candidates_from_page = candidates_from_page
        self._link = link

    @property
    def link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
        return self._link

    def page_candidates(self) -> FoundCandidates:
        if not _is_html_file(self._link.url):
            return
        yield from self._candidates_from_page(self._link)

    def file_links(self) -> FoundLinks:
        if _is_html_file(self._link.url):
            return
        yield self._link


class _RemoteFileSource(LinkSource):
    """``--find-links=<url>`` or ``--[extra-]index-url=<url>``.

    This returns:

    * ``page_candidates``: Links listed on an HTML file.
    * ``file_candidates``: The non-HTML file.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
        page_validator: PageValidator,
        link: Link,
    ) -> None:
        self._candidates_from_page = candidates_from_page
        self._page_validator = page_validator
        self._link = link

    @property
    def link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
        return self._link

    def page_candidates(self) -> FoundCandidates:
        if not self._page_validator(self._link):
            return
        yield from self._candidates_from_page(self._link)

    def file_links(self) -> FoundLinks:
        yield self._link


class _IndexDirectorySource(LinkSource):
    """``--[extra-]index-url=<path-to-directory>``.

    This is treated like a remote URL; ``candidates_from_page`` contains logic
    for this by appending ``index.html`` to the link.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
        link: Link,
    ) -> None:
        self._candidates_from_page = candidates_from_page
        self._link = link

    @property
    def link(self) -> Optional[Link]:
        return self._link

    def page_candidates(self) -> FoundCandidates:
        yield from self._candidates_from_page(self._link)

    def file_links(self) -> FoundLinks:
        return ()


def build_source(
    location: str,
    *,
    candidates_from_page: CandidatesFromPage,
    page_validator: PageValidator,
    expand_dir: bool,
    cache_link_parsing: bool,
    project_name: str,
) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[LinkSource]]:
    path: Optional[str] = None
    url: Optional[str] = None
    if os.path.exists(location):  # Is a local path.
        url = path_to_url(location)
        path = location
    elif location.startswith("file:"):  # A file: URL.
        url = location
        path = url_to_path(location)
    elif is_url(location):
        url = location

    if url is None:
        msg = (
            "Location '%s' is ignored: "
            "it is either a non-existing path or lacks a specific scheme."
        )
        logger.warning(msg, location)
        return (None, None)

    if path is None:
        source: LinkSource = _RemoteFileSource(
            candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
            page_validator=page_validator,
            link=Link(url, cache_link_parsing=cache_link_parsing),
        )
        return (url, source)

    if os.path.isdir(path):
        if expand_dir:
            source = _FlatDirectorySource(
                candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
                path=path,
                project_name=project_name,
            )
        else:
            source = _IndexDirectorySource(
                candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
                link=Link(url, cache_link_parsing=cache_link_parsing),
            )
        return (url, source)
    elif os.path.isfile(path):
        source = _LocalFileSource(
            candidates_from_page=candidates_from_page,
            link=Link(url, cache_link_parsing=cache_link_parsing),
        )
        return (url, source)
    logger.warning(
        "Location '%s' is ignored: it is neither a file nor a directory.",
        location,
    )
    return (url, None)

"""
    pygments.token
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    Basic token types and the standard tokens.

    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
"""


class _TokenType(tuple):
    parent = None

    def split(self):
        buf = []
        node = self
        while node is not None:
            buf.append(node)
            node = node.parent
        buf.reverse()
        return buf

    def __init__(self, *args):
        # no need to call super.__init__
        self.subtypes = set()

    def __contains__(self, val):
        return self is val or (
            type(val) is self.__class__ and
            val[:len(self)] == self
        )

    def __getattr__(self, val):
        if not val or not val[0].isupper():
            return tuple.__getattribute__(self, val)
        new = _TokenType(self + (val,))
        setattr(self, val, new)
        self.subtypes.add(new)
        new.parent = self
        return new

    def __repr__(self):
        return 'Token' + (self and '.' or '') + '.'.join(self)

    def __copy__(self):
        # These instances are supposed to be singletons
        return self

    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
        # These instances are supposed to be singletons
        return self


Token = _TokenType()

# Special token types
Text = Token.Text
Whitespace = Text.Whitespace
Escape = Token.Escape
Error = Token.Error
# Text that doesn't belong to this lexer (e.g. HTML in PHP)
Other = Token.Other

# Common token types for source code
Keyword = Token.Keyword
Name = Token.Name
Literal = Token.Literal
String = Literal.String
Number = Literal.Number
Punctuation = Token.Punctuation
Operator = Token.Operator
Comment = Token.Comment

# Generic types for non-source code
Generic = Token.Generic

# String and some others are not direct children of Token.
# alias them:
Token.Token = Token
Token.String = String
Token.Number = Number


def is_token_subtype(ttype, other):
    """
    Return True if ``ttype`` is a subtype of ``other``.

    exists for backwards compatibility. use ``ttype in other`` now.
    """
    return ttype in other


def string_to_tokentype(s):
    """
    Convert a string into a token type::

        >>> string_to_token('String.Double')
        Token.Literal.String.Double
        >>> string_to_token('Token.Literal.Number')
        Token.Literal.Number
        >>> string_to_token('')
        Token

    Tokens that are already tokens are returned unchanged:

        >>> string_to_token(String)
        Token.Literal.String
    """
    if isinstance(s, _TokenType):
        return s
    if not s:
        return Token
    node = Token
    for item in s.split('.'):
        node = getattr(node, item)
    return node


# Map standard token types to short names, used in CSS class naming.
# If you add a new item, please be sure to run this file to perform
# a consistency check for duplicate values.
STANDARD_TYPES = {
    Token:                         '',

    Text:                          '',
    Whitespace:                    'w',
    Escape:                        'esc',
    Error:                         'err',
    Other:                         'x',

    Keyword:                       'k',
    Keyword.Constant:              'kc',
    Keyword.Declaration:           'kd',
    Keyword.Namespace:             'kn',
    Keyword.Pseudo:                'kp',
    Keyword.Reserved:              'kr',
    Keyword.Type:                  'kt',

    Name:                          'n',
    Name.Attribute:                'na',
    Name.Builtin:                  'nb',
    Name.Builtin.Pseudo:           'bp',
    Name.Class:                    'nc',
    Name.Constant:                 'no',
    Name.Decorator:                'nd',
    Name.Entity:                   'ni',
    Name.Exception:                'ne',
    Name.Function:                 'nf',
    Name.Function.Magic:           'fm',
    Name.Property:                 'py',
    Name.Label:                    'nl',
    Name.Namespace:                'nn',
    Name.Other:                    'nx',
    Name.Tag:                      'nt',
    Name.Variable:                 'nv',
    Name.Variable.Class:           'vc',
    Name.Variable.Global:          'vg',
    Name.Variable.Instance:        'vi',
    Name.Variable.Magic:           'vm',

    Literal:                       'l',
    Literal.Date:                  'ld',

    String:                        's',
    String.Affix:                  'sa',
    String.Backtick:               'sb',
    String.Char:                   'sc',
    String.Delimiter:              'dl',
    String.Doc:                    'sd',
    String.Double:                 's2',
    String.Escape:                 'se',
    String.Heredoc:                'sh',
    String.Interpol:               'si',
    String.Other:                  'sx',
    String.Regex:                  'sr',
    String.Single:                 's1',
    String.Symbol:                 'ss',

    Number:                        'm',
    Number.Bin:                    'mb',
    Number.Float:                  'mf',
    Number.Hex:                    'mh',
    Number.Integer:                'mi',
    Number.Integer.Long:           'il',
    Number.Oct:                    'mo',

    Operator:                      'o',
    Operator.Word:                 'ow',

    Punctuation:                   'p',
    Punctuation.Marker:            'pm',

    Comment:                       'c',
    Comment.Hashbang:              'ch',
    Comment.Multiline:             'cm',
    Comment.Preproc:               'cp',
    Comment.PreprocFile:           'cpf',
    Comment.Single:                'c1',
    Comment.Special:               'cs',

    Generic:                       'g',
    Generic.Deleted:               'gd',
    Generic.Emph:                  'ge',
    Generic.Error:                 'gr',
    Generic.Heading:               'gh',
    Generic.Inserted:              'gi',
    Generic.Output:                'go',
    Generic.Prompt:                'gp',
    Generic.Strong:                'gs',
    Generic.Subheading:            'gu',
    Generic.EmphStrong:            'ges',
    Generic.Traceback:             'gt',
}

"""
    pygments.regexopt
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    An algorithm that generates optimized regexes for matching long lists of
    literal strings.

    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
"""

import re
from re import escape
from os.path import commonprefix
from itertools import groupby
from operator import itemgetter

CS_ESCAPE = re.compile(r'[\[\^\\\-\]]')
FIRST_ELEMENT = itemgetter(0)


def make_charset(letters):
    return '[' + CS_ESCAPE.sub(lambda m: '\\' + m.group(), ''.join(letters)) + ']'


def regex_opt_inner(strings, open_paren):
    """Return a regex that matches any string in the sorted list of strings."""
    close_paren = open_paren and ')' or ''
    # print strings, repr(open_paren)
    if not strings:
        # print '-> nothing left'
        return ''
    first = strings[0]
    if len(strings) == 1:
        # print '-> only 1 string'
        return open_paren + escape(first) + close_paren
    if not first:
        # print '-> first string empty'
        return open_paren + regex_opt_inner(strings[1:], '(?:') \
            + '?' + close_paren
    if len(first) == 1:
        # multiple one-char strings? make a charset
        oneletter = []
        rest = []
        for s in strings:
            if len(s) == 1:
                oneletter.append(s)
            else:
                rest.append(s)
        if len(oneletter) > 1:  # do we have more than one oneletter string?
            if rest:
                # print '-> 1-character + rest'
                return open_paren + regex_opt_inner(rest, '') + '|' \
                    + make_charset(oneletter) + close_paren
            # print '-> only 1-character'
            return open_paren + make_charset(oneletter) + close_paren
    prefix = commonprefix(strings)
    if prefix:
        plen = len(prefix)
        # we have a prefix for all strings
        # print '-> prefix:', prefix
        return open_paren + escape(prefix) \
            + regex_opt_inner([s[plen:] for s in strings], '(?:') \
            + close_paren
    # is there a suffix?
    strings_rev = [s[::-1] for s in strings]
    suffix = commonprefix(strings_rev)
    if suffix:
        slen = len(suffix)
        # print '-> suffix:', suffix[::-1]
        return open_paren \
            + regex_opt_inner(sorted(s[:-slen] for s in strings), '(?:') \
            + escape(suffix[::-1]) + close_paren
    # recurse on common 1-string prefixes
    # print '-> last resort'
    return open_paren + \
        '|'.join(regex_opt_inner(list(group[1]), '')
                 for group in groupby(strings, lambda s: s[0] == first[0])) \
        + close_paren


def regex_opt(strings, prefix='', suffix=''):
    """Return a compiled regex that matches any string in the given list.

    The strings to match must be literal strings, not regexes.  They will be
    regex-escaped.

    *prefix* and *suffix* are pre- and appended to the final regex.
    """
    strings = sorted(strings)
    return prefix + regex_opt_inner(strings, '(') + suffix

"""
requests.api
~~~~~~~~~~~~

This module implements the Requests API.

:copyright: (c) 2012 by Kenneth Reitz.
:license: Apache2, see LICENSE for more details.
"""

from . import sessions


def request(method, url, **kwargs):
    """Constructs and sends a :class:`Request <Request>`.

    :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object: ``GET``, ``OPTIONS``, ``HEAD``, ``POST``, ``PUT``, ``PATCH``, or ``DELETE``.
    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send
        in the query string for the :class:`Request`.
    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`.
    :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`.
    :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload.
        ``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``('filename', fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type')``
        or a 4-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', custom_headers)``, where ``'content_type'`` is a string
        defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a dict-like object containing additional headers
        to add for the file.
    :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
    :param timeout: (optional) How many seconds to wait for the server to send data
        before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read
        timeout) <timeouts>` tuple.
    :type timeout: float or tuple
    :param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Enable/disable GET/OPTIONS/POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE/HEAD redirection. Defaults to ``True``.
    :type allow_redirects: bool
    :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.
    :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
            the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
            to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``.
    :param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded.
    :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response

    Usage::

      >>> import requests
      >>> req = requests.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get')
      >>> req
      <Response [200]>
    """

    # By using the 'with' statement we are sure the session is closed, thus we
    # avoid leaving sockets open which can trigger a ResourceWarning in some
    # cases, and look like a memory leak in others.
    with sessions.Session() as session:
        return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)


def get(url, params=None, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends a GET request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send
        in the query string for the :class:`Request`.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    return request("get", url, params=params, **kwargs)


def options(url, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends an OPTIONS request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    return request("options", url, **kwargs)


def head(url, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends a HEAD request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes. If
        `allow_redirects` is not provided, it will be set to `False` (as
        opposed to the default :meth:`request` behavior).
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", False)
    return request("head", url, **kwargs)


def post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends a POST request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    return request("post", url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)


def put(url, data=None, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends a PUT request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    return request("put", url, data=data, **kwargs)


def patch(url, data=None, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends a PATCH request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    return request("patch", url, data=data, **kwargs)


def delete(url, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends a DELETE request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    return request("delete", url, **kwargs)

import urllib.parse


class PackageIndex:
    """Represents a Package Index and provides easier access to endpoints"""

    __slots__ = ["url", "netloc", "simple_url", "pypi_url", "file_storage_domain"]

    def __init__(self, url: str, file_storage_domain: str) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.url = url
        self.netloc = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url).netloc
        self.simple_url = self._url_for_path("simple")
        self.pypi_url = self._url_for_path("pypi")

        # This is part of a temporary hack used to block installs of PyPI
        # packages which depend on external urls only necessary until PyPI can
        # block such packages themselves
        self.file_storage_domain = file_storage_domain

    def _url_for_path(self, path: str) -> str:
        return urllib.parse.urljoin(self.url, path)


PyPI = PackageIndex("https://pypi.org/", file_storage_domain="files.pythonhosted.org")
TestPyPI = PackageIndex(
    "https://test.pypi.org/", file_storage_domain="test-files.pythonhosted.org"
)