"""Verify certificates using native system trust stores"""

import sys as _sys

if _sys.version_info < (3, 10):
    raise ImportError("truststore requires Python 3.10 or later")

# Detect Python runtimes which don't implement SSLObject.get_unverified_chain() API
# This API only became public in Python 3.13 but was available in CPython and PyPy since 3.10.
if _sys.version_info < (3, 13):
    try:
        import ssl as _ssl
    except ImportError:
        raise ImportError("truststore requires the 'ssl' module")
    else:
        _sslmem = _ssl.MemoryBIO()
        _sslobj = _ssl.create_default_context().wrap_bio(
            _sslmem,
            _sslmem,
        )
        try:
            while not hasattr(_sslobj, "get_unverified_chain"):
                _sslobj = _sslobj._sslobj  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
        except AttributeError:
            raise ImportError(
                "truststore requires peer certificate chain APIs to be available"
            ) from None

        del _ssl, _sslobj, _sslmem  # noqa: F821

from ._api import SSLContext, extract_from_ssl, inject_into_ssl  # noqa: E402

del _api, _sys  # type: ignore[name-defined] # noqa: F821

__all__ = ["SSLContext", "inject_into_ssl", "extract_from_ssl"]
__version__ = "0.10.0"

from .core import *
from .codec import *
from typing import Any, Union

def ToASCII(label: str) -> bytes:
    return encode(label)

def ToUnicode(label: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> str:
    return decode(label)

def nameprep(s: Any) -> None:
    raise NotImplementedError('IDNA 2008 does not utilise nameprep protocol')

"""
Requirements file parsing
"""

import logging
import optparse
import os
import re
import shlex
import urllib.parse
from optparse import Values
from typing import (
    TYPE_CHECKING,
    Any,
    Callable,
    Dict,
    Generator,
    Iterable,
    List,
    NoReturn,
    Optional,
    Tuple,
)

from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError, RequirementsFileParseError
from pip._internal.models.search_scope import SearchScope
from pip._internal.utils.encoding import auto_decode

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
    from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession

__all__ = ["parse_requirements"]

ReqFileLines = Iterable[Tuple[int, str]]

LineParser = Callable[[str], Tuple[str, Values]]

SCHEME_RE = re.compile(r"^(http|https|file):", re.I)
COMMENT_RE = re.compile(r"(^|\s+)#.*$")

# Matches environment variable-style values in '${MY_VARIABLE_1}' with the
# variable name consisting of only uppercase letters, digits or the '_'
# (underscore). This follows the POSIX standard defined in IEEE Std 1003.1,
# 2013 Edition.
ENV_VAR_RE = re.compile(r"(?P<var>\$\{(?P<name>[A-Z0-9_]+)\})")

SUPPORTED_OPTIONS: List[Callable[..., optparse.Option]] = [
    cmdoptions.index_url,
    cmdoptions.extra_index_url,
    cmdoptions.no_index,
    cmdoptions.constraints,
    cmdoptions.requirements,
    cmdoptions.editable,
    cmdoptions.find_links,
    cmdoptions.no_binary,
    cmdoptions.only_binary,
    cmdoptions.prefer_binary,
    cmdoptions.require_hashes,
    cmdoptions.pre,
    cmdoptions.trusted_host,
    cmdoptions.use_new_feature,
]

# options to be passed to requirements
SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ: List[Callable[..., optparse.Option]] = [
    cmdoptions.global_options,
    cmdoptions.hash,
    cmdoptions.config_settings,
]

SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_EDITABLE_REQ: List[Callable[..., optparse.Option]] = [
    cmdoptions.config_settings,
]


# the 'dest' string values
SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ_DEST = [str(o().dest) for o in SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ]
SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_EDITABLE_REQ_DEST = [
    str(o().dest) for o in SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_EDITABLE_REQ
]

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class ParsedRequirement:
    def __init__(
        self,
        requirement: str,
        is_editable: bool,
        comes_from: str,
        constraint: bool,
        options: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        line_source: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> None:
        self.requirement = requirement
        self.is_editable = is_editable
        self.comes_from = comes_from
        self.options = options
        self.constraint = constraint
        self.line_source = line_source


class ParsedLine:
    def __init__(
        self,
        filename: str,
        lineno: int,
        args: str,
        opts: Values,
        constraint: bool,
    ) -> None:
        self.filename = filename
        self.lineno = lineno
        self.opts = opts
        self.constraint = constraint

        if args:
            self.is_requirement = True
            self.is_editable = False
            self.requirement = args
        elif opts.editables:
            self.is_requirement = True
            self.is_editable = True
            # We don't support multiple -e on one line
            self.requirement = opts.editables[0]
        else:
            self.is_requirement = False


def parse_requirements(
    filename: str,
    session: "PipSession",
    finder: Optional["PackageFinder"] = None,
    options: Optional[optparse.Values] = None,
    constraint: bool = False,
) -> Generator[ParsedRequirement, None, None]:
    """Parse a requirements file and yield ParsedRequirement instances.

    :param filename:    Path or url of requirements file.
    :param session:     PipSession instance.
    :param finder:      Instance of pip.index.PackageFinder.
    :param options:     cli options.
    :param constraint:  If true, parsing a constraint file rather than
        requirements file.
    """
    line_parser = get_line_parser(finder)
    parser = RequirementsFileParser(session, line_parser)

    for parsed_line in parser.parse(filename, constraint):
        parsed_req = handle_line(
            parsed_line, options=options, finder=finder, session=session
        )
        if parsed_req is not None:
            yield parsed_req


def preprocess(content: str) -> ReqFileLines:
    """Split, filter, and join lines, and return a line iterator

    :param content: the content of the requirements file
    """
    lines_enum: ReqFileLines = enumerate(content.splitlines(), start=1)
    lines_enum = join_lines(lines_enum)
    lines_enum = ignore_comments(lines_enum)
    lines_enum = expand_env_variables(lines_enum)
    return lines_enum


def handle_requirement_line(
    line: ParsedLine,
    options: Optional[optparse.Values] = None,
) -> ParsedRequirement:
    # preserve for the nested code path
    line_comes_from = "{} {} (line {})".format(
        "-c" if line.constraint else "-r",
        line.filename,
        line.lineno,
    )

    assert line.is_requirement

    # get the options that apply to requirements
    if line.is_editable:
        supported_dest = SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_EDITABLE_REQ_DEST
    else:
        supported_dest = SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ_DEST
    req_options = {}
    for dest in supported_dest:
        if dest in line.opts.__dict__ and line.opts.__dict__[dest]:
            req_options[dest] = line.opts.__dict__[dest]

    line_source = f"line {line.lineno} of {line.filename}"
    return ParsedRequirement(
        requirement=line.requirement,
        is_editable=line.is_editable,
        comes_from=line_comes_from,
        constraint=line.constraint,
        options=req_options,
        line_source=line_source,
    )


def handle_option_line(
    opts: Values,
    filename: str,
    lineno: int,
    finder: Optional["PackageFinder"] = None,
    options: Optional[optparse.Values] = None,
    session: Optional["PipSession"] = None,
) -> None:
    if opts.hashes:
        logger.warning(
            "%s line %s has --hash but no requirement, and will be ignored.",
            filename,
            lineno,
        )

    if options:
        # percolate options upward
        if opts.require_hashes:
            options.require_hashes = opts.require_hashes
        if opts.features_enabled:
            options.features_enabled.extend(
                f for f in opts.features_enabled if f not in options.features_enabled
            )

    # set finder options
    if finder:
        find_links = finder.find_links
        index_urls = finder.index_urls
        no_index = finder.search_scope.no_index
        if opts.no_index is True:
            no_index = True
            index_urls = []
        if opts.index_url and not no_index:
            index_urls = [opts.index_url]
        if opts.extra_index_urls and not no_index:
            index_urls.extend(opts.extra_index_urls)
        if opts.find_links:
            # FIXME: it would be nice to keep track of the source
            # of the find_links: support a find-links local path
            # relative to a requirements file.
            value = opts.find_links[0]
            req_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(filename))
            relative_to_reqs_file = os.path.join(req_dir, value)
            if os.path.exists(relative_to_reqs_file):
                value = relative_to_reqs_file
            find_links.append(value)

        if session:
            # We need to update the auth urls in session
            session.update_index_urls(index_urls)

        search_scope = SearchScope(
            find_links=find_links,
            index_urls=index_urls,
            no_index=no_index,
        )
        finder.search_scope = search_scope

        if opts.pre:
            finder.set_allow_all_prereleases()

        if opts.prefer_binary:
            finder.set_prefer_binary()

        if session:
            for host in opts.trusted_hosts or []:
                source = f"line {lineno} of {filename}"
                session.add_trusted_host(host, source=source)


def handle_line(
    line: ParsedLine,
    options: Optional[optparse.Values] = None,
    finder: Optional["PackageFinder"] = None,
    session: Optional["PipSession"] = None,
) -> Optional[ParsedRequirement]:
    """Handle a single parsed requirements line; This can result in
    creating/yielding requirements, or updating the finder.

    :param line:        The parsed line to be processed.
    :param options:     CLI options.
    :param finder:      The finder - updated by non-requirement lines.
    :param session:     The session - updated by non-requirement lines.

    Returns a ParsedRequirement object if the line is a requirement line,
    otherwise returns None.

    For lines that contain requirements, the only options that have an effect
    are from SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ, and they are scoped to the
    requirement. Other options from SUPPORTED_OPTIONS may be present, but are
    ignored.

    For lines that do not contain requirements, the only options that have an
    effect are from SUPPORTED_OPTIONS. Options from SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ may
    be present, but are ignored. These lines may contain multiple options
    (although our docs imply only one is supported), and all our parsed and
    affect the finder.
    """

    if line.is_requirement:
        parsed_req = handle_requirement_line(line, options)
        return parsed_req
    else:
        handle_option_line(
            line.opts,
            line.filename,
            line.lineno,
            finder,
            options,
            session,
        )
        return None


class RequirementsFileParser:
    def __init__(
        self,
        session: "PipSession",
        line_parser: LineParser,
    ) -> None:
        self._session = session
        self._line_parser = line_parser

    def parse(
        self, filename: str, constraint: bool
    ) -> Generator[ParsedLine, None, None]:
        """Parse a given file, yielding parsed lines."""
        yield from self._parse_and_recurse(
            filename, constraint, [{os.path.abspath(filename): None}]
        )

    def _parse_and_recurse(
        self,
        filename: str,
        constraint: bool,
        parsed_files_stack: List[Dict[str, Optional[str]]],
    ) -> Generator[ParsedLine, None, None]:
        for line in self._parse_file(filename, constraint):
            if not line.is_requirement and (
                line.opts.requirements or line.opts.constraints
            ):
                # parse a nested requirements file
                if line.opts.requirements:
                    req_path = line.opts.requirements[0]
                    nested_constraint = False
                else:
                    req_path = line.opts.constraints[0]
                    nested_constraint = True

                # original file is over http
                if SCHEME_RE.search(filename):
                    # do a url join so relative paths work
                    req_path = urllib.parse.urljoin(filename, req_path)
                # original file and nested file are paths
                elif not SCHEME_RE.search(req_path):
                    # do a join so relative paths work
                    # and then abspath so that we can identify recursive references
                    req_path = os.path.abspath(
                        os.path.join(
                            os.path.dirname(filename),
                            req_path,
                        )
                    )
                parsed_files = parsed_files_stack[0]
                if req_path in parsed_files:
                    initial_file = parsed_files[req_path]
                    tail = (
                        f" and again in {initial_file}"
                        if initial_file is not None
                        else ""
                    )
                    raise RequirementsFileParseError(
                        f"{req_path} recursively references itself in {filename}{tail}"
                    )
                # Keeping a track where was each file first included in
                new_parsed_files = parsed_files.copy()
                new_parsed_files[req_path] = filename
                yield from self._parse_and_recurse(
                    req_path, nested_constraint, [new_parsed_files, *parsed_files_stack]
                )
            else:
                yield line

    def _parse_file(
        self, filename: str, constraint: bool
    ) -> Generator[ParsedLine, None, None]:
        _, content = get_file_content(filename, self._session)

        lines_enum = preprocess(content)

        for line_number, line in lines_enum:
            try:
                args_str, opts = self._line_parser(line)
            except OptionParsingError as e:
                # add offending line
                msg = f"Invalid requirement: {line}\n{e.msg}"
                raise RequirementsFileParseError(msg)

            yield ParsedLine(
                filename,
                line_number,
                args_str,
                opts,
                constraint,
            )


def get_line_parser(finder: Optional["PackageFinder"]) -> LineParser:
    def parse_line(line: str) -> Tuple[str, Values]:
        # Build new parser for each line since it accumulates appendable
        # options.
        parser = build_parser()
        defaults = parser.get_default_values()
        defaults.index_url = None
        if finder:
            defaults.format_control = finder.format_control

        args_str, options_str = break_args_options(line)

        try:
            options = shlex.split(options_str)
        except ValueError as e:
            raise OptionParsingError(f"Could not split options: {options_str}") from e

        opts, _ = parser.parse_args(options, defaults)

        return args_str, opts

    return parse_line


def break_args_options(line: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
    """Break up the line into an args and options string.  We only want to shlex
    (and then optparse) the options, not the args.  args can contain markers
    which are corrupted by shlex.
    """
    tokens = line.split(" ")
    args = []
    options = tokens[:]
    for token in tokens:
        if token.startswith("-") or token.startswith("--"):
            break
        else:
            args.append(token)
            options.pop(0)
    return " ".join(args), " ".join(options)


class OptionParsingError(Exception):
    def __init__(self, msg: str) -> None:
        self.msg = msg


def build_parser() -> optparse.OptionParser:
    """
    Return a parser for parsing requirement lines
    """
    parser = optparse.OptionParser(add_help_option=False)

    option_factories = SUPPORTED_OPTIONS + SUPPORTED_OPTIONS_REQ
    for option_factory in option_factories:
        option = option_factory()
        parser.add_option(option)

    # By default optparse sys.exits on parsing errors. We want to wrap
    # that in our own exception.
    def parser_exit(self: Any, msg: str) -> "NoReturn":
        raise OptionParsingError(msg)

    # NOTE: mypy disallows assigning to a method
    #       https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/2427
    parser.exit = parser_exit  # type: ignore

    return parser


def join_lines(lines_enum: ReqFileLines) -> ReqFileLines:
    """Joins a line ending in '\' with the previous line (except when following
    comments).  The joined line takes on the index of the first line.
    """
    primary_line_number = None
    new_line: List[str] = []
    for line_number, line in lines_enum:
        if not line.endswith("\\") or COMMENT_RE.match(line):
            if COMMENT_RE.match(line):
                # this ensures comments are always matched later
                line = " " + line
            if new_line:
                new_line.append(line)
                assert primary_line_number is not None
                yield primary_line_number, "".join(new_line)
                new_line = []
            else:
                yield line_number, line
        else:
            if not new_line:
                primary_line_number = line_number
            new_line.append(line.strip("\\"))

    # last line contains \
    if new_line:
        assert primary_line_number is not None
        yield primary_line_number, "".join(new_line)

    # TODO: handle space after '\'.


def ignore_comments(lines_enum: ReqFileLines) -> ReqFileLines:
    """
    Strips comments and filter empty lines.
    """
    for line_number, line in lines_enum:
        line = COMMENT_RE.sub("", line)
        line = line.strip()
        if line:
            yield line_number, line


def expand_env_variables(lines_enum: ReqFileLines) -> ReqFileLines:
    """Replace all environment variables that can be retrieved via `os.getenv`.

    The only allowed format for environment variables defined in the
    requirement file is `${MY_VARIABLE_1}` to ensure two things:

    1. Strings that contain a `$` aren't accidentally (partially) expanded.
    2. Ensure consistency across platforms for requirement files.

    These points are the result of a discussion on the `github pull
    request #3514 <https://github.com/pypa/pip/pull/3514>`_.

    Valid characters in variable names follow the `POSIX standard
    <http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/>`_ and are limited
    to uppercase letter, digits and the `_` (underscore).
    """
    for line_number, line in lines_enum:
        for env_var, var_name in ENV_VAR_RE.findall(line):
            value = os.getenv(var_name)
            if not value:
                continue

            line = line.replace(env_var, value)

        yield line_number, line


def get_file_content(url: str, session: "PipSession") -> Tuple[str, str]:
    """Gets the content of a file; it may be a filename, file: URL, or
    http: URL.  Returns (location, content).  Content is unicode.
    Respects # -*- coding: declarations on the retrieved files.

    :param url:         File path or url.
    :param session:     PipSession instance.
    """
    scheme = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url).scheme
    # Pip has special support for file:// URLs (LocalFSAdapter).
    if scheme in ["http", "https", "file"]:
        # Delay importing heavy network modules until absolutely necessary.
        from pip._internal.network.utils import raise_for_status

        resp = session.get(url)
        raise_for_status(resp)
        return resp.url, resp.text

    # Assume this is a bare path.
    try:
        with open(url, "rb") as f:
            content = auto_decode(f.read())
    except OSError as exc:
        raise InstallationError(f"Could not open requirements file: {exc}")
    return url, content

from math import sqrt
from functools import lru_cache
from typing import Sequence, Tuple, TYPE_CHECKING

from .color_triplet import ColorTriplet

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table


class Palette:
    """A palette of available colors."""

    def __init__(self, colors: Sequence[Tuple[int, int, int]]):
        self._colors = colors

    def __getitem__(self, number: int) -> ColorTriplet:
        return ColorTriplet(*self._colors[number])

    def __rich__(self) -> "Table":
        from pip._vendor.rich.color import Color
        from pip._vendor.rich.style import Style
        from pip._vendor.rich.text import Text
        from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table

        table = Table(
            "index",
            "RGB",
            "Color",
            title="Palette",
            caption=f"{len(self._colors)} colors",
            highlight=True,
            caption_justify="right",
        )
        for index, color in enumerate(self._colors):
            table.add_row(
                str(index),
                repr(color),
                Text(" " * 16, style=Style(bgcolor=Color.from_rgb(*color))),
            )
        return table

    # This is somewhat inefficient and needs caching
    @lru_cache(maxsize=1024)
    def match(self, color: Tuple[int, int, int]) -> int:
        """Find a color from a palette that most closely matches a given color.

        Args:
            color (Tuple[int, int, int]): RGB components in range 0 > 255.

        Returns:
            int: Index of closes matching color.
        """
        red1, green1, blue1 = color
        _sqrt = sqrt
        get_color = self._colors.__getitem__

        def get_color_distance(index: int) -> float:
            """Get the distance to a color."""
            red2, green2, blue2 = get_color(index)
            red_mean = (red1 + red2) // 2
            red = red1 - red2
            green = green1 - green2
            blue = blue1 - blue2
            return _sqrt(
                (((512 + red_mean) * red * red) >> 8)
                + 4 * green * green
                + (((767 - red_mean) * blue * blue) >> 8)
            )

        min_index = min(range(len(self._colors)), key=get_color_distance)
        return min_index


if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
    import colorsys
    from typing import Iterable
    from pip._vendor.rich.color import Color
    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console, ConsoleOptions
    from pip._vendor.rich.segment import Segment
    from pip._vendor.rich.style import Style

    class ColorBox:
        def __rich_console__(
            self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
        ) -> Iterable[Segment]:
            height = console.size.height - 3
            for y in range(0, height):
                for x in range(options.max_width):
                    h = x / options.max_width
                    l = y / (height + 1)
                    r1, g1, b1 = colorsys.hls_to_rgb(h, l, 1.0)
                    r2, g2, b2 = colorsys.hls_to_rgb(h, l + (1 / height / 2), 1.0)
                    bgcolor = Color.from_rgb(r1 * 255, g1 * 255, b1 * 255)
                    color = Color.from_rgb(r2 * 255, g2 * 255, b2 * 255)
                    yield Segment("▄", Style(color=color, bgcolor=bgcolor))
                yield Segment.line()

    console = Console()
    console.print(ColorBox())

from __future__ import absolute_import

import errno
import logging
import re
import socket
import sys
import warnings
from socket import error as SocketError
from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout

from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict
from .connection import (
    BaseSSLError,
    BrokenPipeError,
    DummyConnection,
    HTTPConnection,
    HTTPException,
    HTTPSConnection,
    VerifiedHTTPSConnection,
    port_by_scheme,
)
from .exceptions import (
    ClosedPoolError,
    EmptyPoolError,
    HeaderParsingError,
    HostChangedError,
    InsecureRequestWarning,
    LocationValueError,
    MaxRetryError,
    NewConnectionError,
    ProtocolError,
    ProxyError,
    ReadTimeoutError,
    SSLError,
    TimeoutError,
)
from .packages import six
from .packages.six.moves import queue
from .request import RequestMethods
from .response import HTTPResponse
from .util.connection import is_connection_dropped
from .util.proxy import connection_requires_http_tunnel
from .util.queue import LifoQueue
from .util.request import set_file_position
from .util.response import assert_header_parsing
from .util.retry import Retry
from .util.ssl_match_hostname import CertificateError
from .util.timeout import Timeout
from .util.url import Url, _encode_target
from .util.url import _normalize_host as normalize_host
from .util.url import get_host, parse_url

try:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
    import weakref

    weakref_finalize = weakref.finalize
except AttributeError:  # Platform-specific: Python 2
    from .packages.backports.weakref_finalize import weakref_finalize

xrange = six.moves.xrange

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

_Default = object()


# Pool objects
class ConnectionPool(object):
    """
    Base class for all connection pools, such as
    :class:`.HTTPConnectionPool` and :class:`.HTTPSConnectionPool`.

    .. note::
       ConnectionPool.urlopen() does not normalize or percent-encode target URIs
       which is useful if your target server doesn't support percent-encoded
       target URIs.
    """

    scheme = None
    QueueCls = LifoQueue

    def __init__(self, host, port=None):
        if not host:
            raise LocationValueError("No host specified.")

        self.host = _normalize_host(host, scheme=self.scheme)
        self._proxy_host = host.lower()
        self.port = port

    def __str__(self):
        return "%s(host=%r, port=%r)" % (type(self).__name__, self.host, self.port)

    def __enter__(self):
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        self.close()
        # Return False to re-raise any potential exceptions
        return False

    def close(self):
        """
        Close all pooled connections and disable the pool.
        """
        pass


# This is taken from http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/7aaba721ebc0/Lib/socket.py#l252
_blocking_errnos = {errno.EAGAIN, errno.EWOULDBLOCK}


class HTTPConnectionPool(ConnectionPool, RequestMethods):
    """
    Thread-safe connection pool for one host.

    :param host:
        Host used for this HTTP Connection (e.g. "localhost"), passed into
        :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection`.

    :param port:
        Port used for this HTTP Connection (None is equivalent to 80), passed
        into :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection`.

    :param strict:
        Causes BadStatusLine to be raised if the status line can't be parsed
        as a valid HTTP/1.0 or 1.1 status line, passed into
        :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection`.

        .. note::
           Only works in Python 2. This parameter is ignored in Python 3.

    :param timeout:
        Socket timeout in seconds for each individual connection. This can
        be a float or integer, which sets the timeout for the HTTP request,
        or an instance of :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout` which gives you more
        fine-grained control over request timeouts. After the constructor has
        been parsed, this is always a `urllib3.util.Timeout` object.

    :param maxsize:
        Number of connections to save that can be reused. More than 1 is useful
        in multithreaded situations. If ``block`` is set to False, more
        connections will be created but they will not be saved once they've
        been used.

    :param block:
        If set to True, no more than ``maxsize`` connections will be used at
        a time. When no free connections are available, the call will block
        until a connection has been released. This is a useful side effect for
        particular multithreaded situations where one does not want to use more
        than maxsize connections per host to prevent flooding.

    :param headers:
        Headers to include with all requests, unless other headers are given
        explicitly.

    :param retries:
        Retry configuration to use by default with requests in this pool.

    :param _proxy:
        Parsed proxy URL, should not be used directly, instead, see
        :class:`urllib3.ProxyManager`

    :param _proxy_headers:
        A dictionary with proxy headers, should not be used directly,
        instead, see :class:`urllib3.ProxyManager`

    :param \\**conn_kw:
        Additional parameters are used to create fresh :class:`urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection`,
        :class:`urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection` instances.
    """

    scheme = "http"
    ConnectionCls = HTTPConnection
    ResponseCls = HTTPResponse

    def __init__(
        self,
        host,
        port=None,
        strict=False,
        timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
        maxsize=1,
        block=False,
        headers=None,
        retries=None,
        _proxy=None,
        _proxy_headers=None,
        _proxy_config=None,
        **conn_kw
    ):
        ConnectionPool.__init__(self, host, port)
        RequestMethods.__init__(self, headers)

        self.strict = strict

        if not isinstance(timeout, Timeout):
            timeout = Timeout.from_float(timeout)

        if retries is None:
            retries = Retry.DEFAULT

        self.timeout = timeout
        self.retries = retries

        self.pool = self.QueueCls(maxsize)
        self.block = block

        self.proxy = _proxy
        self.proxy_headers = _proxy_headers or {}
        self.proxy_config = _proxy_config

        # Fill the queue up so that doing get() on it will block properly
        for _ in xrange(maxsize):
            self.pool.put(None)

        # These are mostly for testing and debugging purposes.
        self.num_connections = 0
        self.num_requests = 0
        self.conn_kw = conn_kw

        if self.proxy:
            # Enable Nagle's algorithm for proxies, to avoid packet fragmentation.
            # We cannot know if the user has added default socket options, so we cannot replace the
            # list.
            self.conn_kw.setdefault("socket_options", [])

            self.conn_kw["proxy"] = self.proxy
            self.conn_kw["proxy_config"] = self.proxy_config

        # Do not pass 'self' as callback to 'finalize'.
        # Then the 'finalize' would keep an endless living (leak) to self.
        # By just passing a reference to the pool allows the garbage collector
        # to free self if nobody else has a reference to it.
        pool = self.pool

        # Close all the HTTPConnections in the pool before the
        # HTTPConnectionPool object is garbage collected.
        weakref_finalize(self, _close_pool_connections, pool)

    def _new_conn(self):
        """
        Return a fresh :class:`HTTPConnection`.
        """
        self.num_connections += 1
        log.debug(
            "Starting new HTTP connection (%d): %s:%s",
            self.num_connections,
            self.host,
            self.port or "80",
        )

        conn = self.ConnectionCls(
            host=self.host,
            port=self.port,
            timeout=self.timeout.connect_timeout,
            strict=self.strict,
            **self.conn_kw
        )
        return conn

    def _get_conn(self, timeout=None):
        """
        Get a connection. Will return a pooled connection if one is available.

        If no connections are available and :prop:`.block` is ``False``, then a
        fresh connection is returned.

        :param timeout:
            Seconds to wait before giving up and raising
            :class:`urllib3.exceptions.EmptyPoolError` if the pool is empty and
            :prop:`.block` is ``True``.
        """
        conn = None
        try:
            conn = self.pool.get(block=self.block, timeout=timeout)

        except AttributeError:  # self.pool is None
            raise ClosedPoolError(self, "Pool is closed.")

        except queue.Empty:
            if self.block:
                raise EmptyPoolError(
                    self,
                    "Pool reached maximum size and no more connections are allowed.",
                )
            pass  # Oh well, we'll create a new connection then

        # If this is a persistent connection, check if it got disconnected
        if conn and is_connection_dropped(conn):
            log.debug("Resetting dropped connection: %s", self.host)
            conn.close()
            if getattr(conn, "auto_open", 1) == 0:
                # This is a proxied connection that has been mutated by
                # http.client._tunnel() and cannot be reused (since it would
                # attempt to bypass the proxy)
                conn = None

        return conn or self._new_conn()

    def _put_conn(self, conn):
        """
        Put a connection back into the pool.

        :param conn:
            Connection object for the current host and port as returned by
            :meth:`._new_conn` or :meth:`._get_conn`.

        If the pool is already full, the connection is closed and discarded
        because we exceeded maxsize. If connections are discarded frequently,
        then maxsize should be increased.

        If the pool is closed, then the connection will be closed and discarded.
        """
        try:
            self.pool.put(conn, block=False)
            return  # Everything is dandy, done.
        except AttributeError:
            # self.pool is None.
            pass
        except queue.Full:
            # This should never happen if self.block == True
            log.warning(
                "Connection pool is full, discarding connection: %s. Connection pool size: %s",
                self.host,
                self.pool.qsize(),
            )
        # Connection never got put back into the pool, close it.
        if conn:
            conn.close()

    def _validate_conn(self, conn):
        """
        Called right before a request is made, after the socket is created.
        """
        pass

    def _prepare_proxy(self, conn):
        # Nothing to do for HTTP connections.
        pass

    def _get_timeout(self, timeout):
        """Helper that always returns a :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`"""
        if timeout is _Default:
            return self.timeout.clone()

        if isinstance(timeout, Timeout):
            return timeout.clone()
        else:
            # User passed us an int/float. This is for backwards compatibility,
            # can be removed later
            return Timeout.from_float(timeout)

    def _raise_timeout(self, err, url, timeout_value):
        """Is the error actually a timeout? Will raise a ReadTimeout or pass"""

        if isinstance(err, SocketTimeout):
            raise ReadTimeoutError(
                self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
            )

        # See the above comment about EAGAIN in Python 3. In Python 2 we have
        # to specifically catch it and throw the timeout error
        if hasattr(err, "errno") and err.errno in _blocking_errnos:
            raise ReadTimeoutError(
                self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
            )

        # Catch possible read timeouts thrown as SSL errors. If not the
        # case, rethrow the original. We need to do this because of:
        # http://bugs.python.org/issue10272
        if "timed out" in str(err) or "did not complete (read)" in str(
            err
        ):  # Python < 2.7.4
            raise ReadTimeoutError(
                self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % timeout_value
            )

    def _make_request(
        self, conn, method, url, timeout=_Default, chunked=False, **httplib_request_kw
    ):
        """
        Perform a request on a given urllib connection object taken from our
        pool.

        :param conn:
            a connection from one of our connection pools

        :param timeout:
            Socket timeout in seconds for the request. This can be a
            float or integer, which will set the same timeout value for
            the socket connect and the socket read, or an instance of
            :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`, which gives you more fine-grained
            control over your timeouts.
        """
        self.num_requests += 1

        timeout_obj = self._get_timeout(timeout)
        timeout_obj.start_connect()
        conn.timeout = Timeout.resolve_default_timeout(timeout_obj.connect_timeout)

        # Trigger any extra validation we need to do.
        try:
            self._validate_conn(conn)
        except (SocketTimeout, BaseSSLError) as e:
            # Py2 raises this as a BaseSSLError, Py3 raises it as socket timeout.
            self._raise_timeout(err=e, url=url, timeout_value=conn.timeout)
            raise

        # conn.request() calls http.client.*.request, not the method in
        # urllib3.request. It also calls makefile (recv) on the socket.
        try:
            if chunked:
                conn.request_chunked(method, url, **httplib_request_kw)
            else:
                conn.request(method, url, **httplib_request_kw)

        # We are swallowing BrokenPipeError (errno.EPIPE) since the server is
        # legitimately able to close the connection after sending a valid response.
        # With this behaviour, the received response is still readable.
        except BrokenPipeError:
            # Python 3
            pass
        except IOError as e:
            # Python 2 and macOS/Linux
            # EPIPE and ESHUTDOWN are BrokenPipeError on Python 2, and EPROTOTYPE/ECONNRESET are needed on macOS
            # https://erickt.github.io/blog/2014/11/19/adventures-in-debugging-a-potential-osx-kernel-bug/
            if e.errno not in {
                errno.EPIPE,
                errno.ESHUTDOWN,
                errno.EPROTOTYPE,
                errno.ECONNRESET,
            }:
                raise

        # Reset the timeout for the recv() on the socket
        read_timeout = timeout_obj.read_timeout

        # App Engine doesn't have a sock attr
        if getattr(conn, "sock", None):
            # In Python 3 socket.py will catch EAGAIN and return None when you
            # try and read into the file pointer created by http.client, which
            # instead raises a BadStatusLine exception. Instead of catching
            # the exception and assuming all BadStatusLine exceptions are read
            # timeouts, check for a zero timeout before making the request.
            if read_timeout == 0:
                raise ReadTimeoutError(
                    self, url, "Read timed out. (read timeout=%s)" % read_timeout
                )
            if read_timeout is Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
                conn.sock.settimeout(socket.getdefaulttimeout())
            else:  # None or a value
                conn.sock.settimeout(read_timeout)

        # Receive the response from the server
        try:
            try:
                # Python 2.7, use buffering of HTTP responses
                httplib_response = conn.getresponse(buffering=True)
            except TypeError:
                # Python 3
                try:
                    httplib_response = conn.getresponse()
                except BaseException as e:
                    # Remove the TypeError from the exception chain in
                    # Python 3 (including for exceptions like SystemExit).
                    # Otherwise it looks like a bug in the code.
                    six.raise_from(e, None)
        except (SocketTimeout, BaseSSLError, SocketError) as e:
            self._raise_timeout(err=e, url=url, timeout_value=read_timeout)
            raise

        # AppEngine doesn't have a version attr.
        http_version = getattr(conn, "_http_vsn_str", "HTTP/?")
        log.debug(
            '%s://%s:%s "%s %s %s" %s %s',
            self.scheme,
            self.host,
            self.port,
            method,
            url,
            http_version,
            httplib_response.status,
            httplib_response.length,
        )

        try:
            assert_header_parsing(httplib_response.msg)
        except (HeaderParsingError, TypeError) as hpe:  # Platform-specific: Python 3
            log.warning(
                "Failed to parse headers (url=%s): %s",
                self._absolute_url(url),
                hpe,
                exc_info=True,
            )

        return httplib_response

    def _absolute_url(self, path):
        return Url(scheme=self.scheme, host=self.host, port=self.port, path=path).url

    def close(self):
        """
        Close all pooled connections and disable the pool.
        """
        if self.pool is None:
            return
        # Disable access to the pool
        old_pool, self.pool = self.pool, None

        # Close all the HTTPConnections in the pool.
        _close_pool_connections(old_pool)

    def is_same_host(self, url):
        """
        Check if the given ``url`` is a member of the same host as this
        connection pool.
        """
        if url.startswith("/"):
            return True

        # TODO: Add optional support for socket.gethostbyname checking.
        scheme, host, port = get_host(url)
        if host is not None:
            host = _normalize_host(host, scheme=scheme)

        # Use explicit default port for comparison when none is given
        if self.port and not port:
            port = port_by_scheme.get(scheme)
        elif not self.port and port == port_by_scheme.get(scheme):
            port = None

        return (scheme, host, port) == (self.scheme, self.host, self.port)

    def urlopen(
        self,
        method,
        url,
        body=None,
        headers=None,
        retries=None,
        redirect=True,
        assert_same_host=True,
        timeout=_Default,
        pool_timeout=None,
        release_conn=None,
        chunked=False,
        body_pos=None,
        **response_kw
    ):
        """
        Get a connection from the pool and perform an HTTP request. This is the
        lowest level call for making a request, so you'll need to specify all
        the raw details.

        .. note::

           More commonly, it's appropriate to use a convenience method provided
           by :class:`.RequestMethods`, such as :meth:`request`.

        .. note::

           `release_conn` will only behave as expected if
           `preload_content=False` because we want to make
           `preload_content=False` the default behaviour someday soon without
           breaking backwards compatibility.

        :param method:
            HTTP request method (such as GET, POST, PUT, etc.)

        :param url:
            The URL to perform the request on.

        :param body:
            Data to send in the request body, either :class:`str`, :class:`bytes`,
            an iterable of :class:`str`/:class:`bytes`, or a file-like object.

        :param headers:
            Dictionary of custom headers to send, such as User-Agent,
            If-None-Match, etc. If None, pool headers are used. If provided,
            these headers completely replace any pool-specific headers.

        :param retries:
            Configure the number of retries to allow before raising a
            :class:`~urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError` exception.

            Pass ``None`` to retry until you receive a response. Pass a
            :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry` object for fine-grained control
            over different types of retries.
            Pass an integer number to retry connection errors that many times,
            but no other types of errors. Pass zero to never retry.

            If ``False``, then retries are disabled and any exception is raised
            immediately. Also, instead of raising a MaxRetryError on redirects,
            the redirect response will be returned.

        :type retries: :class:`~urllib3.util.retry.Retry`, False, or an int.

        :param redirect:
            If True, automatically handle redirects (status codes 301, 302,
            303, 307, 308). Each redirect counts as a retry. Disabling retries
            will disable redirect, too.

        :param assert_same_host:
            If ``True``, will make sure that the host of the pool requests is
            consistent else will raise HostChangedError. When ``False``, you can
            use the pool on an HTTP proxy and request foreign hosts.

        :param timeout:
            If specified, overrides the default timeout for this one
            request. It may be a float (in seconds) or an instance of
            :class:`urllib3.util.Timeout`.

        :param pool_timeout:
            If set and the pool is set to block=True, then this method will
            block for ``pool_timeout`` seconds and raise EmptyPoolError if no
            connection is available within the time period.

        :param release_conn:
            If False, then the urlopen call will not release the connection
            back into the pool once a response is received (but will release if
            you read the entire contents of the response such as when
            `preload_content=True`). This is useful if you're not preloading
            the response's content immediately. You will need to call
            ``r.release_conn()`` on the response ``r`` to return the connection
            back into the pool. If None, it takes the value of
            ``response_kw.get('preload_content', True)``.

        :param chunked:
            If True, urllib3 will send the body using chunked transfer
            encoding. Otherwise, urllib3 will send the body using the standard
            content-length form. Defaults to False.

        :param int body_pos:
            Position to seek to in file-like body in the event of a retry or
            redirect. Typically this won't need to be set because urllib3 will
            auto-populate the value when needed.

        :param \\**response_kw:
            Additional parameters are passed to
            :meth:`urllib3.response.HTTPResponse.from_httplib`
        """

        parsed_url = parse_url(url)
        destination_scheme = parsed_url.scheme

        if headers is None:
            headers = self.headers

        if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
            retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect, default=self.retries)

        if release_conn is None:
            release_conn = response_kw.get("preload_content", True)

        # Check host
        if assert_same_host and not self.is_same_host(url):
            raise HostChangedError(self, url, retries)

        # Ensure that the URL we're connecting to is properly encoded
        if url.startswith("/"):
            url = six.ensure_str(_encode_target(url))
        else:
            url = six.ensure_str(parsed_url.url)

        conn = None

        # Track whether `conn` needs to be released before
        # returning/raising/recursing. Update this variable if necessary, and
        # leave `release_conn` constant throughout the function. That way, if
        # the function recurses, the original value of `release_conn` will be
        # passed down into the recursive call, and its value will be respected.
        #
        # See issue #651 [1] for details.
        #
        # [1] <https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/651>
        release_this_conn = release_conn

        http_tunnel_required = connection_requires_http_tunnel(
            self.proxy, self.proxy_config, destination_scheme
        )

        # Merge the proxy headers. Only done when not using HTTP CONNECT. We
        # have to copy the headers dict so we can safely change it without those
        # changes being reflected in anyone else's copy.
        if not http_tunnel_required:
            headers = headers.copy()
            headers.update(self.proxy_headers)

        # Must keep the exception bound to a separate variable or else Python 3
        # complains about UnboundLocalError.
        err = None

        # Keep track of whether we cleanly exited the except block. This
        # ensures we do proper cleanup in finally.
        clean_exit = False

        # Rewind body position, if needed. Record current position
        # for future rewinds in the event of a redirect/retry.
        body_pos = set_file_position(body, body_pos)

        try:
            # Request a connection from the queue.
            timeout_obj = self._get_timeout(timeout)
            conn = self._get_conn(timeout=pool_timeout)

            conn.timeout = timeout_obj.connect_timeout

            is_new_proxy_conn = self.proxy is not None and not getattr(
                conn, "sock", None
            )
            if is_new_proxy_conn and http_tunnel_required:
                self._prepare_proxy(conn)

            # Make the request on the httplib connection object.
            httplib_response = self._make_request(
                conn,
                method,
                url,
                timeout=timeout_obj,
                body=body,
                headers=headers,
                chunked=chunked,
            )

            # If we're going to release the connection in ``finally:``, then
            # the response doesn't need to know about the connection. Otherwise
            # it will also try to release it and we'll have a double-release
            # mess.
            response_conn = conn if not release_conn else None

            # Pass method to Response for length checking
            response_kw["request_method"] = method

            # Import httplib's response into our own wrapper object
            response = self.ResponseCls.from_httplib(
                httplib_response,
                pool=self,
                connection=response_conn,
                retries=retries,
                **response_kw
            )

            # Everything went great!
            clean_exit = True

        except EmptyPoolError:
            # Didn't get a connection from the pool, no need to clean up
            clean_exit = True
            release_this_conn = False
            raise

        except (
            TimeoutError,
            HTTPException,
            SocketError,
            ProtocolError,
            BaseSSLError,
            SSLError,
            CertificateError,
        ) as e:
            # Discard the connection for these exceptions. It will be
            # replaced during the next _get_conn() call.
            clean_exit = False

            def _is_ssl_error_message_from_http_proxy(ssl_error):
                # We're trying to detect the message 'WRONG_VERSION_NUMBER' but
                # SSLErrors are kinda all over the place when it comes to the message,
                # so we try to cover our bases here!
                message = " ".join(re.split("[^a-z]", str(ssl_error).lower()))
                return (
                    "wrong version number" in message
                    or "unknown protocol" in message
                    or "record layer failure" in message
                )

            # Try to detect a common user error with proxies which is to
            # set an HTTP proxy to be HTTPS when it should be 'http://'
            # (ie {'http': 'http://proxy', 'https': 'https://proxy'})
            # Instead we add a nice error message and point to a URL.
            if (
                isinstance(e, BaseSSLError)
                and self.proxy
                and _is_ssl_error_message_from_http_proxy(e)
                and conn.proxy
                and conn.proxy.scheme == "https"
            ):
                e = ProxyError(
                    "Your proxy appears to only use HTTP and not HTTPS, "
                    "try changing your proxy URL to be HTTP. See: "
                    "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
                    "#https-proxy-error-http-proxy",
                    SSLError(e),
                )
            elif isinstance(e, (BaseSSLError, CertificateError)):
                e = SSLError(e)
            elif isinstance(e, (SocketError, NewConnectionError)) and self.proxy:
                e = ProxyError("Cannot connect to proxy.", e)
            elif isinstance(e, (SocketError, HTTPException)):
                e = ProtocolError("Connection aborted.", e)

            retries = retries.increment(
                method, url, error=e, _pool=self, _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2]
            )
            retries.sleep()

            # Keep track of the error for the retry warning.
            err = e

        finally:
            if not clean_exit:
                # We hit some kind of exception, handled or otherwise. We need
                # to throw the connection away unless explicitly told not to.
                # Close the connection, set the variable to None, and make sure
                # we put the None back in the pool to avoid leaking it.
                conn = conn and conn.close()
                release_this_conn = True

            if release_this_conn:
                # Put the connection back to be reused. If the connection is
                # expired then it will be None, which will get replaced with a
                # fresh connection during _get_conn.
                self._put_conn(conn)

        if not conn:
            # Try again
            log.warning(
                "Retrying (%r) after connection broken by '%r': %s", retries, err, url
            )
            return self.urlopen(
                method,
                url,
                body,
                headers,
                retries,
                redirect,
                assert_same_host,
                timeout=timeout,
                pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
                release_conn=release_conn,
                chunked=chunked,
                body_pos=body_pos,
                **response_kw
            )

        # Handle redirect?
        redirect_location = redirect and response.get_redirect_location()
        if redirect_location:
            if response.status == 303:
                # Change the method according to RFC 9110, Section 15.4.4.
                method = "GET"
                # And lose the body not to transfer anything sensitive.
                body = None
                headers = HTTPHeaderDict(headers)._prepare_for_method_change()

            try:
                retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=response, _pool=self)
            except MaxRetryError:
                if retries.raise_on_redirect:
                    response.drain_conn()
                    raise
                return response

            response.drain_conn()
            retries.sleep_for_retry(response)
            log.debug("Redirecting %s -> %s", url, redirect_location)
            return self.urlopen(
                method,
                redirect_location,
                body,
                headers,
                retries=retries,
                redirect=redirect,
                assert_same_host=assert_same_host,
                timeout=timeout,
                pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
                release_conn=release_conn,
                chunked=chunked,
                body_pos=body_pos,
                **response_kw
            )

        # Check if we should retry the HTTP response.
        has_retry_after = bool(response.headers.get("Retry-After"))
        if retries.is_retry(method, response.status, has_retry_after):
            try:
                retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=response, _pool=self)
            except MaxRetryError:
                if retries.raise_on_status:
                    response.drain_conn()
                    raise
                return response

            response.drain_conn()
            retries.sleep(response)
            log.debug("Retry: %s", url)
            return self.urlopen(
                method,
                url,
                body,
                headers,
                retries=retries,
                redirect=redirect,
                assert_same_host=assert_same_host,
                timeout=timeout,
                pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
                release_conn=release_conn,
                chunked=chunked,
                body_pos=body_pos,
                **response_kw
            )

        return response


class HTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
    """
    Same as :class:`.HTTPConnectionPool`, but HTTPS.

    :class:`.HTTPSConnection` uses one of ``assert_fingerprint``,
    ``assert_hostname`` and ``host`` in this order to verify connections.
    If ``assert_hostname`` is False, no verification is done.

    The ``key_file``, ``cert_file``, ``cert_reqs``, ``ca_certs``,
    ``ca_cert_dir``, ``ssl_version``, ``key_password`` are only used if :mod:`ssl`
    is available and are fed into :meth:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket` to upgrade
    the connection socket into an SSL socket.
    """

    scheme = "https"
    ConnectionCls = HTTPSConnection

    def __init__(
        self,
        host,
        port=None,
        strict=False,
        timeout=Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
        maxsize=1,
        block=False,
        headers=None,
        retries=None,
        _proxy=None,
        _proxy_headers=None,
        key_file=None,
        cert_file=None,
        cert_reqs=None,
        key_password=None,
        ca_certs=None,
        ssl_version=None,
        assert_hostname=None,
        assert_fingerprint=None,
        ca_cert_dir=None,
        **conn_kw
    ):

        HTTPConnectionPool.__init__(
            self,
            host,
            port,
            strict,
            timeout,
            maxsize,
            block,
            headers,
            retries,
            _proxy,
            _proxy_headers,
            **conn_kw
        )

        self.key_file = key_file
        self.cert_file = cert_file
        self.cert_reqs = cert_reqs
        self.key_password = key_password
        self.ca_certs = ca_certs
        self.ca_cert_dir = ca_cert_dir
        self.ssl_version = ssl_version
        self.assert_hostname = assert_hostname
        self.assert_fingerprint = assert_fingerprint

    def _prepare_conn(self, conn):
        """
        Prepare the ``connection`` for :meth:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket`
        and establish the tunnel if proxy is used.
        """

        if isinstance(conn, VerifiedHTTPSConnection):
            conn.set_cert(
                key_file=self.key_file,
                key_password=self.key_password,
                cert_file=self.cert_file,
                cert_reqs=self.cert_reqs,
                ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
                ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
                assert_hostname=self.assert_hostname,
                assert_fingerprint=self.assert_fingerprint,
            )
            conn.ssl_version = self.ssl_version
        return conn

    def _prepare_proxy(self, conn):
        """
        Establishes a tunnel connection through HTTP CONNECT.

        Tunnel connection is established early because otherwise httplib would
        improperly set Host: header to proxy's IP:port.
        """

        conn.set_tunnel(self._proxy_host, self.port, self.proxy_headers)

        if self.proxy.scheme == "https":
            conn.tls_in_tls_required = True

        conn.connect()

    def _new_conn(self):
        """
        Return a fresh :class:`http.client.HTTPSConnection`.
        """
        self.num_connections += 1
        log.debug(
            "Starting new HTTPS connection (%d): %s:%s",
            self.num_connections,
            self.host,
            self.port or "443",
        )

        if not self.ConnectionCls or self.ConnectionCls is DummyConnection:
            raise SSLError(
                "Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available."
            )

        actual_host = self.host
        actual_port = self.port
        if self.proxy is not None:
            actual_host = self.proxy.host
            actual_port = self.proxy.port

        conn = self.ConnectionCls(
            host=actual_host,
            port=actual_port,
            timeout=self.timeout.connect_timeout,
            strict=self.strict,
            cert_file=self.cert_file,
            key_file=self.key_file,
            key_password=self.key_password,
            **self.conn_kw
        )

        return self._prepare_conn(conn)

    def _validate_conn(self, conn):
        """
        Called right before a request is made, after the socket is created.
        """
        super(HTTPSConnectionPool, self)._validate_conn(conn)

        # Force connect early to allow us to validate the connection.
        if not getattr(conn, "sock", None):  # AppEngine might not have  `.sock`
            conn.connect()

        if not conn.is_verified:
            warnings.warn(
                (
                    "Unverified HTTPS request is being made to host '%s'. "
                    "Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: "
                    "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
                    "#ssl-warnings" % conn.host
                ),
                InsecureRequestWarning,
            )

        if getattr(conn, "proxy_is_verified", None) is False:
            warnings.warn(
                (
                    "Unverified HTTPS connection done to an HTTPS proxy. "
                    "Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: "
                    "https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/1.26.x/advanced-usage.html"
                    "#ssl-warnings"
                ),
                InsecureRequestWarning,
            )


def connection_from_url(url, **kw):
    """
    Given a url, return an :class:`.ConnectionPool` instance of its host.

    This is a shortcut for not having to parse out the scheme, host, and port
    of the url before creating an :class:`.ConnectionPool` instance.

    :param url:
        Absolute URL string that must include the scheme. Port is optional.

    :param \\**kw:
        Passes additional parameters to the constructor of the appropriate
        :class:`.ConnectionPool`. Useful for specifying things like
        timeout, maxsize, headers, etc.

    Example::

        >>> conn = connection_from_url('http://google.com/')
        >>> r = conn.request('GET', '/')
    """
    scheme, host, port = get_host(url)
    port = port or port_by_scheme.get(scheme, 80)
    if scheme == "https":
        return HTTPSConnectionPool(host, port=port, **kw)
    else:
        return HTTPConnectionPool(host, port=port, **kw)


def _normalize_host(host, scheme):
    """
    Normalize hosts for comparisons and use with sockets.
    """

    host = normalize_host(host, scheme)

    # httplib doesn't like it when we include brackets in IPv6 addresses
    # Specifically, if we include brackets but also pass the port then
    # httplib crazily doubles up the square brackets on the Host header.
    # Instead, we need to make sure we never pass ``None`` as the port.
    # However, for backward compatibility reasons we can't actually
    # *assert* that.  See http://bugs.python.org/issue28539
    if host.startswith("[") and host.endswith("]"):
        host = host[1:-1]
    return host


def _close_pool_connections(pool):
    """Drains a queue of connections and closes each one."""
    try:
        while True:
            conn = pool.get(block=False)
            if conn:
                conn.close()
    except queue.Empty:
        pass  # Done.

from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from itertools import islice
from operator import itemgetter
from threading import RLock
from typing import (
    TYPE_CHECKING,
    Dict,
    Iterable,
    List,
    NamedTuple,
    Optional,
    Sequence,
    Tuple,
    Union,
)

from ._ratio import ratio_resolve
from .align import Align
from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType, RenderResult
from .highlighter import ReprHighlighter
from .panel import Panel
from .pretty import Pretty
from .region import Region
from .repr import Result, rich_repr
from .segment import Segment
from .style import StyleType

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from pip._vendor.rich.tree import Tree


class LayoutRender(NamedTuple):
    """An individual layout render."""

    region: Region
    render: List[List[Segment]]


RegionMap = Dict["Layout", Region]
RenderMap = Dict["Layout", LayoutRender]


class LayoutError(Exception):
    """Layout related error."""


class NoSplitter(LayoutError):
    """Requested splitter does not exist."""


class _Placeholder:
    """An internal renderable used as a Layout placeholder."""

    highlighter = ReprHighlighter()

    def __init__(self, layout: "Layout", style: StyleType = "") -> None:
        self.layout = layout
        self.style = style

    def __rich_console__(
        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
    ) -> RenderResult:
        width = options.max_width
        height = options.height or options.size.height
        layout = self.layout
        title = (
            f"{layout.name!r} ({width} x {height})"
            if layout.name
            else f"({width} x {height})"
        )
        yield Panel(
            Align.center(Pretty(layout), vertical="middle"),
            style=self.style,
            title=self.highlighter(title),
            border_style="blue",
            height=height,
        )


class Splitter(ABC):
    """Base class for a splitter."""

    name: str = ""

    @abstractmethod
    def get_tree_icon(self) -> str:
        """Get the icon (emoji) used in layout.tree"""

    @abstractmethod
    def divide(
        self, children: Sequence["Layout"], region: Region
    ) -> Iterable[Tuple["Layout", Region]]:
        """Divide a region amongst several child layouts.

        Args:
            children (Sequence(Layout)): A number of child layouts.
            region (Region): A rectangular region to divide.
        """


class RowSplitter(Splitter):
    """Split a layout region in to rows."""

    name = "row"

    def get_tree_icon(self) -> str:
        return "[layout.tree.row]⬌"

    def divide(
        self, children: Sequence["Layout"], region: Region
    ) -> Iterable[Tuple["Layout", Region]]:
        x, y, width, height = region
        render_widths = ratio_resolve(width, children)
        offset = 0
        _Region = Region
        for child, child_width in zip(children, render_widths):
            yield child, _Region(x + offset, y, child_width, height)
            offset += child_width


class ColumnSplitter(Splitter):
    """Split a layout region in to columns."""

    name = "column"

    def get_tree_icon(self) -> str:
        return "[layout.tree.column]⬍"

    def divide(
        self, children: Sequence["Layout"], region: Region
    ) -> Iterable[Tuple["Layout", Region]]:
        x, y, width, height = region
        render_heights = ratio_resolve(height, children)
        offset = 0
        _Region = Region
        for child, child_height in zip(children, render_heights):
            yield child, _Region(x, y + offset, width, child_height)
            offset += child_height


@rich_repr
class Layout:
    """A renderable to divide a fixed height in to rows or columns.

    Args:
        renderable (RenderableType, optional): Renderable content, or None for placeholder. Defaults to None.
        name (str, optional): Optional identifier for Layout. Defaults to None.
        size (int, optional): Optional fixed size of layout. Defaults to None.
        minimum_size (int, optional): Minimum size of layout. Defaults to 1.
        ratio (int, optional): Optional ratio for flexible layout. Defaults to 1.
        visible (bool, optional): Visibility of layout. Defaults to True.
    """

    splitters = {"row": RowSplitter, "column": ColumnSplitter}

    def __init__(
        self,
        renderable: Optional[RenderableType] = None,
        *,
        name: Optional[str] = None,
        size: Optional[int] = None,
        minimum_size: int = 1,
        ratio: int = 1,
        visible: bool = True,
    ) -> None:
        self._renderable = renderable or _Placeholder(self)
        self.size = size
        self.minimum_size = minimum_size
        self.ratio = ratio
        self.name = name
        self.visible = visible
        self.splitter: Splitter = self.splitters["column"]()
        self._children: List[Layout] = []
        self._render_map: RenderMap = {}
        self._lock = RLock()

    def __rich_repr__(self) -> Result:
        yield "name", self.name, None
        yield "size", self.size, None
        yield "minimum_size", self.minimum_size, 1
        yield "ratio", self.ratio, 1

    @property
    def renderable(self) -> RenderableType:
        """Layout renderable."""
        return self if self._children else self._renderable

    @property
    def children(self) -> List["Layout"]:
        """Gets (visible) layout children."""
        return [child for child in self._children if child.visible]

    @property
    def map(self) -> RenderMap:
        """Get a map of the last render."""
        return self._render_map

    def get(self, name: str) -> Optional["Layout"]:
        """Get a named layout, or None if it doesn't exist.

        Args:
            name (str): Name of layout.

        Returns:
            Optional[Layout]: Layout instance or None if no layout was found.
        """
        if self.name == name:
            return self
        else:
            for child in self._children:
                named_layout = child.get(name)
                if named_layout is not None:
                    return named_layout
        return None

    def __getitem__(self, name: str) -> "Layout":
        layout = self.get(name)
        if layout is None:
            raise KeyError(f"No layout with name {name!r}")
        return layout

    @property
    def tree(self) -> "Tree":
        """Get a tree renderable to show layout structure."""
        from pip._vendor.rich.styled import Styled
        from pip._vendor.rich.table import Table
        from pip._vendor.rich.tree import Tree

        def summary(layout: "Layout") -> Table:
            icon = layout.splitter.get_tree_icon()

            table = Table.grid(padding=(0, 1, 0, 0))

            text: RenderableType = (
                Pretty(layout) if layout.visible else Styled(Pretty(layout), "dim")
            )
            table.add_row(icon, text)
            _summary = table
            return _summary

        layout = self
        tree = Tree(
            summary(layout),
            guide_style=f"layout.tree.{layout.splitter.name}",
            highlight=True,
        )

        def recurse(tree: "Tree", layout: "Layout") -> None:
            for child in layout._children:
                recurse(
                    tree.add(
                        summary(child),
                        guide_style=f"layout.tree.{child.splitter.name}",
                    ),
                    child,
                )

        recurse(tree, self)
        return tree

    def split(
        self,
        *layouts: Union["Layout", RenderableType],
        splitter: Union[Splitter, str] = "column",
    ) -> None:
        """Split the layout in to multiple sub-layouts.

        Args:
            *layouts (Layout): Positional arguments should be (sub) Layout instances.
            splitter (Union[Splitter, str]): Splitter instance or name of splitter.
        """
        _layouts = [
            layout if isinstance(layout, Layout) else Layout(layout)
            for layout in layouts
        ]
        try:
            self.splitter = (
                splitter
                if isinstance(splitter, Splitter)
                else self.splitters[splitter]()
            )
        except KeyError:
            raise NoSplitter(f"No splitter called {splitter!r}")
        self._children[:] = _layouts

    def add_split(self, *layouts: Union["Layout", RenderableType]) -> None:
        """Add a new layout(s) to existing split.

        Args:
            *layouts (Union[Layout, RenderableType]): Positional arguments should be renderables or (sub) Layout instances.

        """
        _layouts = (
            layout if isinstance(layout, Layout) else Layout(layout)
            for layout in layouts
        )
        self._children.extend(_layouts)

    def split_row(self, *layouts: Union["Layout", RenderableType]) -> None:
        """Split the layout in to a row (layouts side by side).

        Args:
            *layouts (Layout): Positional arguments should be (sub) Layout instances.
        """
        self.split(*layouts, splitter="row")

    def split_column(self, *layouts: Union["Layout", RenderableType]) -> None:
        """Split the layout in to a column (layouts stacked on top of each other).

        Args:
            *layouts (Layout): Positional arguments should be (sub) Layout instances.
        """
        self.split(*layouts, splitter="column")

    def unsplit(self) -> None:
        """Reset splits to initial state."""
        del self._children[:]

    def update(self, renderable: RenderableType) -> None:
        """Update renderable.

        Args:
            renderable (RenderableType): New renderable object.
        """
        with self._lock:
            self._renderable = renderable

    def refresh_screen(self, console: "Console", layout_name: str) -> None:
        """Refresh a sub-layout.

        Args:
            console (Console): Console instance where Layout is to be rendered.
            layout_name (str): Name of layout.
        """
        with self._lock:
            layout = self[layout_name]
            region, _lines = self._render_map[layout]
            (x, y, width, height) = region
            lines = console.render_lines(
                layout, console.options.update_dimensions(width, height)
            )
            self._render_map[layout] = LayoutRender(region, lines)
            console.update_screen_lines(lines, x, y)

    def _make_region_map(self, width: int, height: int) -> RegionMap:
        """Create a dict that maps layout on to Region."""
        stack: List[Tuple[Layout, Region]] = [(self, Region(0, 0, width, height))]
        push = stack.append
        pop = stack.pop
        layout_regions: List[Tuple[Layout, Region]] = []
        append_layout_region = layout_regions.append
        while stack:
            append_layout_region(pop())
            layout, region = layout_regions[-1]
            children = layout.children
            if children:
                for child_and_region in layout.splitter.divide(children, region):
                    push(child_and_region)

        region_map = {
            layout: region
            for layout, region in sorted(layout_regions, key=itemgetter(1))
        }
        return region_map

    def render(self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions) -> RenderMap:
        """Render the sub_layouts.

        Args:
            console (Console): Console instance.
            options (ConsoleOptions): Console options.

        Returns:
            RenderMap: A dict that maps Layout on to a tuple of Region, lines
        """
        render_width = options.max_width
        render_height = options.height or console.height
        region_map = self._make_region_map(render_width, render_height)
        layout_regions = [
            (layout, region)
            for layout, region in region_map.items()
            if not layout.children
        ]
        render_map: Dict["Layout", "LayoutRender"] = {}
        render_lines = console.render_lines
        update_dimensions = options.update_dimensions

        for layout, region in layout_regions:
            lines = render_lines(
                layout.renderable, update_dimensions(region.width, region.height)
            )
            render_map[layout] = LayoutRender(region, lines)
        return render_map

    def __rich_console__(
        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
    ) -> RenderResult:
        with self._lock:
            width = options.max_width or console.width
            height = options.height or console.height
            render_map = self.render(console, options.update_dimensions(width, height))
            self._render_map = render_map
            layout_lines: List[List[Segment]] = [[] for _ in range(height)]
            _islice = islice
            for region, lines in render_map.values():
                _x, y, _layout_width, layout_height = region
                for row, line in zip(
                    _islice(layout_lines, y, y + layout_height), lines
                ):
                    row.extend(line)

            new_line = Segment.line()
            for layout_row in layout_lines:
                yield from layout_row
                yield new_line


if __name__ == "__main__":
    from pip._vendor.rich.console import Console

    console = Console()
    layout = Layout()

    layout.split_column(
        Layout(name="header", size=3),
        Layout(ratio=1, name="main"),
        Layout(size=10, name="footer"),
    )

    layout["main"].split_row(Layout(name="side"), Layout(name="body", ratio=2))

    layout["body"].split_row(Layout(name="content", ratio=2), Layout(name="s2"))

    layout["s2"].split_column(
        Layout(name="top"), Layout(name="middle"), Layout(name="bottom")
    )

    layout["side"].split_column(Layout(layout.tree, name="left1"), Layout(name="left2"))

    layout["content"].update("foo")

    console.print(layout)

import sys
from fractions import Fraction
from math import ceil
from typing import cast, List, Optional, Sequence

if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
    from typing import Protocol
else:
    from pip._vendor.typing_extensions import Protocol  # pragma: no cover


class Edge(Protocol):
    """Any object that defines an edge (such as Layout)."""

    size: Optional[int] = None
    ratio: int = 1
    minimum_size: int = 1


def ratio_resolve(total: int, edges: Sequence[Edge]) -> List[int]:
    """Divide total space to satisfy size, ratio, and minimum_size, constraints.

    The returned list of integers should add up to total in most cases, unless it is
    impossible to satisfy all the constraints. For instance, if there are two edges
    with a minimum size of 20 each and `total` is 30 then the returned list will be
    greater than total. In practice, this would mean that a Layout object would
    clip the rows that would overflow the screen height.

    Args:
        total (int): Total number of characters.
        edges (List[Edge]): Edges within total space.

    Returns:
        List[int]: Number of characters for each edge.
    """
    # Size of edge or None for yet to be determined
    sizes = [(edge.size or None) for edge in edges]

    _Fraction = Fraction

    # While any edges haven't been calculated
    while None in sizes:
        # Get flexible edges and index to map these back on to sizes list
        flexible_edges = [
            (index, edge)
            for index, (size, edge) in enumerate(zip(sizes, edges))
            if size is None
        ]
        # Remaining space in total
        remaining = total - sum(size or 0 for size in sizes)
        if remaining <= 0:
            # No room for flexible edges
            return [
                ((edge.minimum_size or 1) if size is None else size)
                for size, edge in zip(sizes, edges)
            ]
        # Calculate number of characters in a ratio portion
        portion = _Fraction(
            remaining, sum((edge.ratio or 1) for _, edge in flexible_edges)
        )

        # If any edges will be less than their minimum, replace size with the minimum
        for index, edge in flexible_edges:
            if portion * edge.ratio <= edge.minimum_size:
                sizes[index] = edge.minimum_size
                # New fixed size will invalidate calculations, so we need to repeat the process
                break
        else:
            # Distribute flexible space and compensate for rounding error
            # Since edge sizes can only be integers we need to add the remainder
            # to the following line
            remainder = _Fraction(0)
            for index, edge in flexible_edges:
                size, remainder = divmod(portion * edge.ratio + remainder, 1)
                sizes[index] = size
            break
    # Sizes now contains integers only
    return cast(List[int], sizes)


def ratio_reduce(
    total: int, ratios: List[int], maximums: List[int], values: List[int]
) -> List[int]:
    """Divide an integer total in to parts based on ratios.

    Args:
        total (int): The total to divide.
        ratios (List[int]): A list of integer ratios.
        maximums (List[int]): List of maximums values for each slot.
        values (List[int]): List of values

    Returns:
        List[int]: A list of integers guaranteed to sum to total.
    """
    ratios = [ratio if _max else 0 for ratio, _max in zip(ratios, maximums)]
    total_ratio = sum(ratios)
    if not total_ratio:
        return values[:]
    total_remaining = total
    result: List[int] = []
    append = result.append
    for ratio, maximum, value in zip(ratios, maximums, values):
        if ratio and total_ratio > 0:
            distributed = min(maximum, round(ratio * total_remaining / total_ratio))
            append(value - distributed)
            total_remaining -= distributed
            total_ratio -= ratio
        else:
            append(value)
    return result


def ratio_distribute(
    total: int, ratios: List[int], minimums: Optional[List[int]] = None
) -> List[int]:
    """Distribute an integer total in to parts based on ratios.

    Args:
        total (int): The total to divide.
        ratios (List[int]): A list of integer ratios.
        minimums (List[int]): List of minimum values for each slot.

    Returns:
        List[int]: A list of integers guaranteed to sum to total.
    """
    if minimums:
        ratios = [ratio if _min else 0 for ratio, _min in zip(ratios, minimums)]
    total_ratio = sum(ratios)
    assert total_ratio > 0, "Sum of ratios must be > 0"

    total_remaining = total
    distributed_total: List[int] = []
    append = distributed_total.append
    if minimums is None:
        _minimums = [0] * len(ratios)
    else:
        _minimums = minimums
    for ratio, minimum in zip(ratios, _minimums):
        if total_ratio > 0:
            distributed = max(minimum, ceil(ratio * total_remaining / total_ratio))
        else:
            distributed = total_remaining
        append(distributed)
        total_ratio -= ratio
        total_remaining -= distributed
    return distributed_total


if __name__ == "__main__":
    from dataclasses import dataclass

    @dataclass
    class E:
        size: Optional[int] = None
        ratio: int = 1
        minimum_size: int = 1

    resolved = ratio_resolve(110, [E(None, 1, 1), E(None, 1, 1), E(None, 1, 1)])
    print(sum(resolved))

import itertools

from .compat import collections_abc


class DirectedGraph(object):
    """A graph structure with directed edges."""

    def __init__(self):
        self._vertices = set()
        self._forwards = {}  # <key> -> Set[<key>]
        self._backwards = {}  # <key> -> Set[<key>]

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self._vertices)

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self._vertices)

    def __contains__(self, key):
        return key in self._vertices

    def copy(self):
        """Return a shallow copy of this graph."""
        other = DirectedGraph()
        other._vertices = set(self._vertices)
        other._forwards = {k: set(v) for k, v in self._forwards.items()}
        other._backwards = {k: set(v) for k, v in self._backwards.items()}
        return other

    def add(self, key):
        """Add a new vertex to the graph."""
        if key in self._vertices:
            raise ValueError("vertex exists")
        self._vertices.add(key)
        self._forwards[key] = set()
        self._backwards[key] = set()

    def remove(self, key):
        """Remove a vertex from the graph, disconnecting all edges from/to it."""
        self._vertices.remove(key)
        for f in self._forwards.pop(key):
            self._backwards[f].remove(key)
        for t in self._backwards.pop(key):
            self._forwards[t].remove(key)

    def connected(self, f, t):
        return f in self._backwards[t] and t in self._forwards[f]

    def connect(self, f, t):
        """Connect two existing vertices.

        Nothing happens if the vertices are already connected.
        """
        if t not in self._vertices:
            raise KeyError(t)
        self._forwards[f].add(t)
        self._backwards[t].add(f)

    def iter_edges(self):
        for f, children in self._forwards.items():
            for t in children:
                yield f, t

    def iter_children(self, key):
        return iter(self._forwards[key])

    def iter_parents(self, key):
        return iter(self._backwards[key])


class IteratorMapping(collections_abc.Mapping):
    def __init__(self, mapping, accessor, appends=None):
        self._mapping = mapping
        self._accessor = accessor
        self._appends = appends or {}

    def __repr__(self):
        return "IteratorMapping({!r}, {!r}, {!r})".format(
            self._mapping,
            self._accessor,
            self._appends,
        )

    def __bool__(self):
        return bool(self._mapping or self._appends)

    __nonzero__ = __bool__  # XXX: Python 2.

    def __contains__(self, key):
        return key in self._mapping or key in self._appends

    def __getitem__(self, k):
        try:
            v = self._mapping[k]
        except KeyError:
            return iter(self._appends[k])
        return itertools.chain(self._accessor(v), self._appends.get(k, ()))

    def __iter__(self):
        more = (k for k in self._appends if k not in self._mapping)
        return itertools.chain(self._mapping, more)

    def __len__(self):
        more = sum(1 for k in self._appends if k not in self._mapping)
        return len(self._mapping) + more


class _FactoryIterableView(object):
    """Wrap an iterator factory returned by `find_matches()`.

    Calling `iter()` on this class would invoke the underlying iterator
    factory, making it a "collection with ordering" that can be iterated
    through multiple times, but lacks random access methods presented in
    built-in Python sequence types.
    """

    def __init__(self, factory):
        self._factory = factory
        self._iterable = None

    def __repr__(self):
        return "{}({})".format(type(self).__name__, list(self))

    def __bool__(self):
        try:
            next(iter(self))
        except StopIteration:
            return False
        return True

    __nonzero__ = __bool__  # XXX: Python 2.

    def __iter__(self):
        iterable = (
            self._factory() if self._iterable is None else self._iterable
        )
        self._iterable, current = itertools.tee(iterable)
        return current


class _SequenceIterableView(object):
    """Wrap an iterable returned by find_matches().

    This is essentially just a proxy to the underlying sequence that provides
    the same interface as `_FactoryIterableView`.
    """

    def __init__(self, sequence):
        self._sequence = sequence

    def __repr__(self):
        return "{}({})".format(type(self).__name__, self._sequence)

    def __bool__(self):
        return bool(self._sequence)

    __nonzero__ = __bool__  # XXX: Python 2.

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self._sequence)


def build_iter_view(matches):
    """Build an iterable view from the value returned by `find_matches()`."""
    if callable(matches):
        return _FactoryIterableView(matches)
    if not isinstance(matches, collections_abc.Sequence):
        matches = list(matches)
    return _SequenceIterableView(matches)

from operator import itemgetter
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence

from . import errors
from .protocol import is_renderable, rich_cast

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from .console import Console, ConsoleOptions, RenderableType


class Measurement(NamedTuple):
    """Stores the minimum and maximum widths (in characters) required to render an object."""

    minimum: int
    """Minimum number of cells required to render."""
    maximum: int
    """Maximum number of cells required to render."""

    @property
    def span(self) -> int:
        """Get difference between maximum and minimum."""
        return self.maximum - self.minimum

    def normalize(self) -> "Measurement":
        """Get measurement that ensures that minimum <= maximum and minimum >= 0

        Returns:
            Measurement: A normalized measurement.
        """
        minimum, maximum = self
        minimum = min(max(0, minimum), maximum)
        return Measurement(max(0, minimum), max(0, max(minimum, maximum)))

    def with_maximum(self, width: int) -> "Measurement":
        """Get a RenderableWith where the widths are <= width.

        Args:
            width (int): Maximum desired width.

        Returns:
            Measurement: New Measurement object.
        """
        minimum, maximum = self
        return Measurement(min(minimum, width), min(maximum, width))

    def with_minimum(self, width: int) -> "Measurement":
        """Get a RenderableWith where the widths are >= width.

        Args:
            width (int): Minimum desired width.

        Returns:
            Measurement: New Measurement object.
        """
        minimum, maximum = self
        width = max(0, width)
        return Measurement(max(minimum, width), max(maximum, width))

    def clamp(
        self, min_width: Optional[int] = None, max_width: Optional[int] = None
    ) -> "Measurement":
        """Clamp a measurement within the specified range.

        Args:
            min_width (int): Minimum desired width, or ``None`` for no minimum. Defaults to None.
            max_width (int): Maximum desired width, or ``None`` for no maximum. Defaults to None.

        Returns:
            Measurement: New Measurement object.
        """
        measurement = self
        if min_width is not None:
            measurement = measurement.with_minimum(min_width)
        if max_width is not None:
            measurement = measurement.with_maximum(max_width)
        return measurement

    @classmethod
    def get(
        cls, console: "Console", options: "ConsoleOptions", renderable: "RenderableType"
    ) -> "Measurement":
        """Get a measurement for a renderable.

        Args:
            console (~rich.console.Console): Console instance.
            options (~rich.console.ConsoleOptions): Console options.
            renderable (RenderableType): An object that may be rendered with Rich.

        Raises:
            errors.NotRenderableError: If the object is not renderable.

        Returns:
            Measurement: Measurement object containing range of character widths required to render the object.
        """
        _max_width = options.max_width
        if _max_width < 1:
            return Measurement(0, 0)
        if isinstance(renderable, str):
            renderable = console.render_str(
                renderable, markup=options.markup, highlight=False
            )
        renderable = rich_cast(renderable)
        if is_renderable(renderable):
            get_console_width: Optional[
                Callable[["Console", "ConsoleOptions"], "Measurement"]
            ] = getattr(renderable, "__rich_measure__", None)
            if get_console_width is not None:
                render_width = (
                    get_console_width(console, options)
                    .normalize()
                    .with_maximum(_max_width)
                )
                if render_width.maximum < 1:
                    return Measurement(0, 0)
                return render_width.normalize()
            else:
                return Measurement(0, _max_width)
        else:
            raise errors.NotRenderableError(
                f"Unable to get render width for {renderable!r}; "
                "a str, Segment, or object with __rich_console__ method is required"
            )


def measure_renderables(
    console: "Console",
    options: "ConsoleOptions",
    renderables: Sequence["RenderableType"],
) -> "Measurement":
    """Get a measurement that would fit a number of renderables.

    Args:
        console (~rich.console.Console): Console instance.
        options (~rich.console.ConsoleOptions): Console options.
        renderables (Iterable[RenderableType]): One or more renderable objects.

    Returns:
        Measurement: Measurement object containing range of character widths required to
            contain all given renderables.
    """
    if not renderables:
        return Measurement(0, 0)
    get_measurement = Measurement.get
    measurements = [
        get_measurement(console, options, renderable) for renderable in renderables
    ]
    measured_width = Measurement(
        max(measurements, key=itemgetter(0)).minimum,
        max(measurements, key=itemgetter(1)).maximum,
    )
    return measured_width

from .default_styles import DEFAULT_STYLES
from .theme import Theme


DEFAULT = Theme(DEFAULT_STYLES)

from typing import Any, Generic, List, Optional, TextIO, TypeVar, Union, overload

from . import get_console
from .console import Console
from .text import Text, TextType

PromptType = TypeVar("PromptType")
DefaultType = TypeVar("DefaultType")


class PromptError(Exception):
    """Exception base class for prompt related errors."""


class InvalidResponse(PromptError):
    """Exception to indicate a response was invalid. Raise this within process_response() to indicate an error
    and provide an error message.

    Args:
        message (Union[str, Text]): Error message.
    """

    def __init__(self, message: TextType) -> None:
        self.message = message

    def __rich__(self) -> TextType:
        return self.message


class PromptBase(Generic[PromptType]):
    """Ask the user for input until a valid response is received. This is the base class, see one of
    the concrete classes for examples.

    Args:
        prompt (TextType, optional): Prompt text. Defaults to "".
        console (Console, optional): A Console instance or None to use global console. Defaults to None.
        password (bool, optional): Enable password input. Defaults to False.
        choices (List[str], optional): A list of valid choices. Defaults to None.
        show_default (bool, optional): Show default in prompt. Defaults to True.
        show_choices (bool, optional): Show choices in prompt. Defaults to True.
    """

    response_type: type = str

    validate_error_message = "[prompt.invalid]Please enter a valid value"
    illegal_choice_message = (
        "[prompt.invalid.choice]Please select one of the available options"
    )
    prompt_suffix = ": "

    choices: Optional[List[str]] = None

    def __init__(
        self,
        prompt: TextType = "",
        *,
        console: Optional[Console] = None,
        password: bool = False,
        choices: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        show_default: bool = True,
        show_choices: bool = True,
    ) -> None:
        self.console = console or get_console()
        self.prompt = (
            Text.from_markup(prompt, style="prompt")
            if isinstance(prompt, str)
            else prompt
        )
        self.password = password
        if choices is not None:
            self.choices = choices
        self.show_default = show_default
        self.show_choices = show_choices

    @classmethod
    @overload
    def ask(
        cls,
        prompt: TextType = "",
        *,
        console: Optional[Console] = None,
        password: bool = False,
        choices: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        show_default: bool = True,
        show_choices: bool = True,
        default: DefaultType,
        stream: Optional[TextIO] = None,
    ) -> Union[DefaultType, PromptType]:
        ...

    @classmethod
    @overload
    def ask(
        cls,
        prompt: TextType = "",
        *,
        console: Optional[Console] = None,
        password: bool = False,
        choices: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        show_default: bool = True,
        show_choices: bool = True,
        stream: Optional[TextIO] = None,
    ) -> PromptType:
        ...

    @classmethod
    def ask(
        cls,
        prompt: TextType = "",
        *,
        console: Optional[Console] = None,
        password: bool = False,
        choices: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        show_default: bool = True,
        show_choices: bool = True,
        default: Any = ...,
        stream: Optional[TextIO] = None,
    ) -> Any:
        """Shortcut to construct and run a prompt loop and return the result.

        Example:
            >>> filename = Prompt.ask("Enter a filename")

        Args:
            prompt (TextType, optional): Prompt text. Defaults to "".
            console (Console, optional): A Console instance or None to use global console. Defaults to None.
            password (bool, optional): Enable password input. Defaults to False.
            choices (List[str], optional): A list of valid choices. Defaults to None.
            show_default (bool, optional): Show default in prompt. Defaults to True.
            show_choices (bool, optional): Show choices in prompt. Defaults to True.
            stream (TextIO, optional): Optional text file open for reading to get input. Defaults to None.
        """
        _prompt = cls(
            prompt,
            console=console,
            password=password,
            choices=choices,
            show_default=show_default,
            show_choices=show_choices,
        )
        return _prompt(default=default, stream=stream)

    def render_default(self, default: DefaultType) -> Text:
        """Turn the supplied default in to a Text instance.

        Args:
            default (DefaultType): Default value.

        Returns:
            Text: Text containing rendering of default value.
        """
        return Text(f"({default})", "prompt.default")

    def make_prompt(self, default: DefaultType) -> Text:
        """Make prompt text.

        Args:
            default (DefaultType): Default value.

        Returns:
            Text: Text to display in prompt.
        """
        prompt = self.prompt.copy()
        prompt.end = ""

        if self.show_choices and self.choices:
            _choices = "/".join(self.choices)
            choices = f"[{_choices}]"
            prompt.append(" ")
            prompt.append(choices, "prompt.choices")

        if (
            default != ...
            and self.show_default
            and isinstance(default, (str, self.response_type))
        ):
            prompt.append(" ")
            _default = self.render_default(default)
            prompt.append(_default)

        prompt.append(self.prompt_suffix)

        return prompt

    @classmethod
    def get_input(
        cls,
        console: Console,
        prompt: TextType,
        password: bool,
        stream: Optional[TextIO] = None,
    ) -> str:
        """Get input from user.

        Args:
            console (Console): Console instance.
            prompt (TextType): Prompt text.
            password (bool): Enable password entry.

        Returns:
            str: String from user.
        """
        return console.input(prompt, password=password, stream=stream)

    def check_choice(self, value: str) -> bool:
        """Check value is in the list of valid choices.

        Args:
            value (str): Value entered by user.

        Returns:
            bool: True if choice was valid, otherwise False.
        """
        assert self.choices is not None
        return value.strip() in self.choices

    def process_response(self, value: str) -> PromptType:
        """Process response from user, convert to prompt type.

        Args:
            value (str): String typed by user.

        Raises:
            InvalidResponse: If ``value`` is invalid.

        Returns:
            PromptType: The value to be returned from ask method.
        """
        value = value.strip()
        try:
            return_value: PromptType = self.response_type(value)
        except ValueError:
            raise InvalidResponse(self.validate_error_message)

        if self.choices is not None and not self.check_choice(value):
            raise InvalidResponse(self.illegal_choice_message)

        return return_value

    def on_validate_error(self, value: str, error: InvalidResponse) -> None:
        """Called to handle validation error.

        Args:
            value (str): String entered by user.
            error (InvalidResponse): Exception instance the initiated the error.
        """
        self.console.print(error)

    def pre_prompt(self) -> None:
        """Hook to display something before the prompt."""

    @overload
    def __call__(self, *, stream: Optional[TextIO] = None) -> PromptType:
        ...

    @overload
    def __call__(
        self, *, default: DefaultType, stream: Optional[TextIO] = None
    ) -> Union[PromptType, DefaultType]:
        ...

    def __call__(self, *, default: Any = ..., stream: Optional[TextIO] = None) -> Any:
        """Run the prompt loop.

        Args:
            default (Any, optional): Optional default value.

        Returns:
            PromptType: Processed value.
        """
        while True:
            self.pre_prompt()
            prompt = self.make_prompt(default)
            value = self.get_input(self.console, prompt, self.password, stream=stream)
            if value == "" and default != ...:
                return default
            try:
                return_value = self.process_response(value)
            except InvalidResponse as error:
                self.on_validate_error(value, error)
                continue
            else:
                return return_value


class Prompt(PromptBase[str]):
    """A prompt that returns a str.

    Example:
        >>> name = Prompt.ask("Enter your name")


    """

    response_type = str


class IntPrompt(PromptBase[int]):
    """A prompt that returns an integer.

    Example:
        >>> burrito_count = IntPrompt.ask("How many burritos do you want to order")

    """

    response_type = int
    validate_error_message = "[prompt.invalid]Please enter a valid integer number"


class FloatPrompt(PromptBase[float]):
    """A prompt that returns a float.

    Example:
        >>> temperature = FloatPrompt.ask("Enter desired temperature")

    """

    response_type = float
    validate_error_message = "[prompt.invalid]Please enter a number"


class Confirm(PromptBase[bool]):
    """A yes / no confirmation prompt.

    Example:
        >>> if Confirm.ask("Continue"):
                run_job()

    """

    response_type = bool
    validate_error_message = "[prompt.invalid]Please enter Y or N"
    choices: List[str] = ["y", "n"]

    def render_default(self, default: DefaultType) -> Text:
        """Render the default as (y) or (n) rather than True/False."""
        yes, no = self.choices
        return Text(f"({yes})" if default else f"({no})", style="prompt.default")

    def process_response(self, value: str) -> bool:
        """Convert choices to a bool."""
        value = value.strip().lower()
        if value not in self.choices:
            raise InvalidResponse(self.validate_error_message)
        return value == self.choices[0]


if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
    from pip._vendor.rich import print

    if Confirm.ask("Run [i]prompt[/i] tests?", default=True):
        while True:
            result = IntPrompt.ask(
                ":rocket: Enter a number between [b]1[/b] and [b]10[/b]", default=5
            )
            if result >= 1 and result <= 10:
                break
            print(":pile_of_poo: [prompt.invalid]Number must be between 1 and 10")
        print(f"number={result}")

        while True:
            password = Prompt.ask(
                "Please enter a password [cyan](must be at least 5 characters)",
                password=True,
            )
            if len(password) >= 5:
                break
            print("[prompt.invalid]password too short")
        print(f"password={password!r}")

        fruit = Prompt.ask("Enter a fruit", choices=["apple", "orange", "pear"])
        print(f"fruit={fruit!r}")

    else:
        print("[b]OK :loudly_crying_face:")

import ssl
import sys
import typing

# Hold on to the original class so we can create it consistently
# even if we inject our own SSLContext into the ssl module.
_original_SSLContext = ssl.SSLContext
_original_super_SSLContext = super(_original_SSLContext, _original_SSLContext)

# CPython is known to be good, but non-CPython implementations
# may implement SSLContext differently so to be safe we don't
# subclass the SSLContext.

# This is returned by truststore.SSLContext.__class__()
_truststore_SSLContext_dunder_class: typing.Optional[type]

# This value is the superclass of truststore.SSLContext.
_truststore_SSLContext_super_class: type

if sys.implementation.name == "cpython":
    _truststore_SSLContext_super_class = _original_SSLContext
    _truststore_SSLContext_dunder_class = None
else:
    _truststore_SSLContext_super_class = object
    _truststore_SSLContext_dunder_class = _original_SSLContext


def _set_ssl_context_verify_mode(
    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext, verify_mode: ssl.VerifyMode
) -> None:
    _original_super_SSLContext.verify_mode.__set__(ssl_context, verify_mode)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]

from __future__ import absolute_import

import datetime
import logging
import os
import re
import socket
import warnings
from socket import error as SocketError
from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout

from .packages import six
from .packages.six.moves.http_client import HTTPConnection as _HTTPConnection
from .packages.six.moves.http_client import HTTPException  # noqa: F401
from .util.proxy import create_proxy_ssl_context

try:  # Compiled with SSL?
    import ssl

    BaseSSLError = ssl.SSLError
except (ImportError, AttributeError):  # Platform-specific: No SSL.
    ssl = None

    class BaseSSLError(BaseException):
        pass


try:
    # Python 3: not a no-op, we're adding this to the namespace so it can be imported.
    ConnectionError = ConnectionError
except NameError:
    # Python 2
    class ConnectionError(Exception):
        pass


try:  # Python 3:
    # Not a no-op, we're adding this to the namespace so it can be imported.
    BrokenPipeError = BrokenPipeError
except NameError:  # Python 2:

    class BrokenPipeError(Exception):
        pass


from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict  # noqa (historical, removed in v2)
from ._version import __version__
from .exceptions import (
    ConnectTimeoutError,
    NewConnectionError,
    SubjectAltNameWarning,
    SystemTimeWarning,
)
from .util import SKIP_HEADER, SKIPPABLE_HEADERS, connection
from .util.ssl_ import (
    assert_fingerprint,
    create_urllib3_context,
    is_ipaddress,
    resolve_cert_reqs,
    resolve_ssl_version,
    ssl_wrap_socket,
)
from .util.ssl_match_hostname import CertificateError, match_hostname

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

port_by_scheme = {"http": 80, "https": 443}

# When it comes time to update this value as a part of regular maintenance
# (ie test_recent_date is failing) update it to ~6 months before the current date.
RECENT_DATE = datetime.date(2024, 1, 1)

_CONTAINS_CONTROL_CHAR_RE = re.compile(r"[^-!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]")


class HTTPConnection(_HTTPConnection, object):
    """
    Based on :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection` but provides an extra constructor
    backwards-compatibility layer between older and newer Pythons.

    Additional keyword parameters are used to configure attributes of the connection.
    Accepted parameters include:

    - ``strict``: See the documentation on :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool`
    - ``source_address``: Set the source address for the current connection.
    - ``socket_options``: Set specific options on the underlying socket. If not specified, then
      defaults are loaded from ``HTTPConnection.default_socket_options`` which includes disabling
      Nagle's algorithm (sets TCP_NODELAY to 1) unless the connection is behind a proxy.

      For example, if you wish to enable TCP Keep Alive in addition to the defaults,
      you might pass:

      .. code-block:: python

         HTTPConnection.default_socket_options + [
             (socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1),
         ]

      Or you may want to disable the defaults by passing an empty list (e.g., ``[]``).
    """

    default_port = port_by_scheme["http"]

    #: Disable Nagle's algorithm by default.
    #: ``[(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)]``
    default_socket_options = [(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)]

    #: Whether this connection verifies the host's certificate.
    is_verified = False

    #: Whether this proxy connection (if used) verifies the proxy host's
    #: certificate.
    proxy_is_verified = None

    def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
        if not six.PY2:
            kw.pop("strict", None)

        # Pre-set source_address.
        self.source_address = kw.get("source_address")

        #: The socket options provided by the user. If no options are
        #: provided, we use the default options.
        self.socket_options = kw.pop("socket_options", self.default_socket_options)

        # Proxy options provided by the user.
        self.proxy = kw.pop("proxy", None)
        self.proxy_config = kw.pop("proxy_config", None)

        _HTTPConnection.__init__(self, *args, **kw)

    @property
    def host(self):
        """
        Getter method to remove any trailing dots that indicate the hostname is an FQDN.

        In general, SSL certificates don't include the trailing dot indicating a
        fully-qualified domain name, and thus, they don't validate properly when
        checked against a domain name that includes the dot. In addition, some
        servers may not expect to receive the trailing dot when provided.

        However, the hostname with trailing dot is critical to DNS resolution; doing a
        lookup with the trailing dot will properly only resolve the appropriate FQDN,
        whereas a lookup without a trailing dot will search the system's search domain
        list. Thus, it's important to keep the original host around for use only in
        those cases where it's appropriate (i.e., when doing DNS lookup to establish the
        actual TCP connection across which we're going to send HTTP requests).
        """
        return self._dns_host.rstrip(".")

    @host.setter
    def host(self, value):
        """
        Setter for the `host` property.

        We assume that only urllib3 uses the _dns_host attribute; httplib itself
        only uses `host`, and it seems reasonable that other libraries follow suit.
        """
        self._dns_host = value

    def _new_conn(self):
        """Establish a socket connection and set nodelay settings on it.

        :return: New socket connection.
        """
        extra_kw = {}
        if self.source_address:
            extra_kw["source_address"] = self.source_address

        if self.socket_options:
            extra_kw["socket_options"] = self.socket_options

        try:
            conn = connection.create_connection(
                (self._dns_host, self.port), self.timeout, **extra_kw
            )

        except SocketTimeout:
            raise ConnectTimeoutError(
                self,
                "Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)"
                % (self.host, self.timeout),
            )

        except SocketError as e:
            raise NewConnectionError(
                self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e
            )

        return conn

    def _is_using_tunnel(self):
        # Google App Engine's httplib does not define _tunnel_host
        return getattr(self, "_tunnel_host", None)

    def _prepare_conn(self, conn):
        self.sock = conn
        if self._is_using_tunnel():
            # TODO: Fix tunnel so it doesn't depend on self.sock state.
            self._tunnel()
            # Mark this connection as not reusable
            self.auto_open = 0

    def connect(self):
        conn = self._new_conn()
        self._prepare_conn(conn)

    def putrequest(self, method, url, *args, **kwargs):
        """ """
        # Empty docstring because the indentation of CPython's implementation
        # is broken but we don't want this method in our documentation.
        match = _CONTAINS_CONTROL_CHAR_RE.search(method)
        if match:
            raise ValueError(
                "Method cannot contain non-token characters %r (found at least %r)"
                % (method, match.group())
            )

        return _HTTPConnection.putrequest(self, method, url, *args, **kwargs)

    def putheader(self, header, *values):
        """ """
        if not any(isinstance(v, str) and v == SKIP_HEADER for v in values):
            _HTTPConnection.putheader(self, header, *values)
        elif six.ensure_str(header.lower()) not in SKIPPABLE_HEADERS:
            raise ValueError(
                "urllib3.util.SKIP_HEADER only supports '%s'"
                % ("', '".join(map(str.title, sorted(SKIPPABLE_HEADERS))),)
            )

    def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None):
        # Update the inner socket's timeout value to send the request.
        # This only triggers if the connection is re-used.
        if getattr(self, "sock", None) is not None:
            self.sock.settimeout(self.timeout)

        if headers is None:
            headers = {}
        else:
            # Avoid modifying the headers passed into .request()
            headers = headers.copy()
        if "user-agent" not in (six.ensure_str(k.lower()) for k in headers):
            headers["User-Agent"] = _get_default_user_agent()
        super(HTTPConnection, self).request(method, url, body=body, headers=headers)

    def request_chunked(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None):
        """
        Alternative to the common request method, which sends the
        body with chunked encoding and not as one block
        """
        headers = headers or {}
        header_keys = set([six.ensure_str(k.lower()) for k in headers])
        skip_accept_encoding = "accept-encoding" in header_keys
        skip_host = "host" in header_keys
        self.putrequest(
            method, url, skip_accept_encoding=skip_accept_encoding, skip_host=skip_host
        )
        if "user-agent" not in header_keys:
            self.putheader("User-Agent", _get_default_user_agent())
        for header, value in headers.items():
            self.putheader(header, value)
        if "transfer-encoding" not in header_keys:
            self.putheader("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")
        self.endheaders()

        if body is not None:
            stringish_types = six.string_types + (bytes,)
            if isinstance(body, stringish_types):
                body = (body,)
            for chunk in body:
                if not chunk:
                    continue
                if not isinstance(chunk, bytes):
                    chunk = chunk.encode("utf8")
                len_str = hex(len(chunk))[2:]
                to_send = bytearray(len_str.encode())
                to_send += b"\r\n"
                to_send += chunk
                to_send += b"\r\n"
                self.send(to_send)

        # After the if clause, to always have a closed body
        self.send(b"0\r\n\r\n")


class HTTPSConnection(HTTPConnection):
    """
    Many of the parameters to this constructor are passed to the underlying SSL
    socket by means of :py:func:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket`.
    """

    default_port = port_by_scheme["https"]

    cert_reqs = None
    ca_certs = None
    ca_cert_dir = None
    ca_cert_data = None
    ssl_version = None
    assert_fingerprint = None
    tls_in_tls_required = False

    def __init__(
        self,
        host,
        port=None,
        key_file=None,
        cert_file=None,
        key_password=None,
        strict=None,
        timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
        ssl_context=None,
        server_hostname=None,
        **kw
    ):

        HTTPConnection.__init__(self, host, port, strict=strict, timeout=timeout, **kw)

        self.key_file = key_file
        self.cert_file = cert_file
        self.key_password = key_password
        self.ssl_context = ssl_context
        self.server_hostname = server_hostname

        # Required property for Google AppEngine 1.9.0 which otherwise causes
        # HTTPS requests to go out as HTTP. (See Issue #356)
        self._protocol = "https"

    def set_cert(
        self,
        key_file=None,
        cert_file=None,
        cert_reqs=None,
        key_password=None,
        ca_certs=None,
        assert_hostname=None,
        assert_fingerprint=None,
        ca_cert_dir=None,
        ca_cert_data=None,
    ):
        """
        This method should only be called once, before the connection is used.
        """
        # If cert_reqs is not provided we'll assume CERT_REQUIRED unless we also
        # have an SSLContext object in which case we'll use its verify_mode.
        if cert_reqs is None:
            if self.ssl_context is not None:
                cert_reqs = self.ssl_context.verify_mode
            else:
                cert_reqs = resolve_cert_reqs(None)

        self.key_file = key_file
        self.cert_file = cert_file
        self.cert_reqs = cert_reqs
        self.key_password = key_password
        self.assert_hostname = assert_hostname
        self.assert_fingerprint = assert_fingerprint
        self.ca_certs = ca_certs and os.path.expanduser(ca_certs)
        self.ca_cert_dir = ca_cert_dir and os.path.expanduser(ca_cert_dir)
        self.ca_cert_data = ca_cert_data

    def connect(self):
        # Add certificate verification
        self.sock = conn = self._new_conn()
        hostname = self.host
        tls_in_tls = False

        if self._is_using_tunnel():
            if self.tls_in_tls_required:
                self.sock = conn = self._connect_tls_proxy(hostname, conn)
                tls_in_tls = True

            # Calls self._set_hostport(), so self.host is
            # self._tunnel_host below.
            self._tunnel()
            # Mark this connection as not reusable
            self.auto_open = 0

            # Override the host with the one we're requesting data from.
            hostname = self._tunnel_host

        server_hostname = hostname
        if self.server_hostname is not None:
            server_hostname = self.server_hostname

        is_time_off = datetime.date.today() < RECENT_DATE
        if is_time_off:
            warnings.warn(
                (
                    "System time is way off (before {0}). This will probably "
                    "lead to SSL verification errors"
                ).format(RECENT_DATE),
                SystemTimeWarning,
            )

        # Wrap socket using verification with the root certs in
        # trusted_root_certs
        default_ssl_context = False
        if self.ssl_context is None:
            default_ssl_context = True
            self.ssl_context = create_urllib3_context(
                ssl_version=resolve_ssl_version(self.ssl_version),
                cert_reqs=resolve_cert_reqs(self.cert_reqs),
            )

        context = self.ssl_context
        context.verify_mode = resolve_cert_reqs(self.cert_reqs)

        # Try to load OS default certs if none are given.
        # Works well on Windows (requires Python3.4+)
        if (
            not self.ca_certs
            and not self.ca_cert_dir
            and not self.ca_cert_data
            and default_ssl_context
            and hasattr(context, "load_default_certs")
        ):
            context.load_default_certs()

        self.sock = ssl_wrap_socket(
            sock=conn,
            keyfile=self.key_file,
            certfile=self.cert_file,
            key_password=self.key_password,
            ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
            ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
            ca_cert_data=self.ca_cert_data,
            server_hostname=server_hostname,
            ssl_context=context,
            tls_in_tls=tls_in_tls,
        )

        # If we're using all defaults and the connection
        # is TLSv1 or TLSv1.1 we throw a DeprecationWarning
        # for the host.
        if (
            default_ssl_context
            and self.ssl_version is None
            and hasattr(self.sock, "version")
            and self.sock.version() in {"TLSv1", "TLSv1.1"}
        ):  # Defensive:
            warnings.warn(
                "Negotiating TLSv1/TLSv1.1 by default is deprecated "
                "and will be disabled in urllib3 v2.0.0. Connecting to "
                "'%s' with '%s' can be enabled by explicitly opting-in "
                "with 'ssl_version'" % (self.host, self.sock.version()),
                DeprecationWarning,
            )

        if self.assert_fingerprint:
            assert_fingerprint(
                self.sock.getpeercert(binary_form=True), self.assert_fingerprint
            )
        elif (
            context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_NONE
            and not getattr(context, "check_hostname", False)
            and self.assert_hostname is not False
        ):
            # While urllib3 attempts to always turn off hostname matching from
            # the TLS library, this cannot always be done. So we check whether
            # the TLS Library still thinks it's matching hostnames.
            cert = self.sock.getpeercert()
            if not cert.get("subjectAltName", ()):
                warnings.warn(
                    (
                        "Certificate for {0} has no `subjectAltName`, falling back to check for a "
                        "`commonName` for now. This feature is being removed by major browsers and "
                        "deprecated by RFC 2818. (See https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/497 "
                        "for details.)".format(hostname)
                    ),
                    SubjectAltNameWarning,
                )
            _match_hostname(cert, self.assert_hostname or server_hostname)

        self.is_verified = (
            context.verify_mode == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
            or self.assert_fingerprint is not None
        )

    def _connect_tls_proxy(self, hostname, conn):
        """
        Establish a TLS connection to the proxy using the provided SSL context.
        """
        proxy_config = self.proxy_config
        ssl_context = proxy_config.ssl_context
        if ssl_context:
            # If the user provided a proxy context, we assume CA and client
            # certificates have already been set
            return ssl_wrap_socket(
                sock=conn,
                server_hostname=hostname,
                ssl_context=ssl_context,
            )

        ssl_context = create_proxy_ssl_context(
            self.ssl_version,
            self.cert_reqs,
            self.ca_certs,
            self.ca_cert_dir,
            self.ca_cert_data,
        )

        # If no cert was provided, use only the default options for server
        # certificate validation
        socket = ssl_wrap_socket(
            sock=conn,
            ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
            ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
            ca_cert_data=self.ca_cert_data,
            server_hostname=hostname,
            ssl_context=ssl_context,
        )

        if ssl_context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_NONE and not getattr(
            ssl_context, "check_hostname", False
        ):
            # While urllib3 attempts to always turn off hostname matching from
            # the TLS library, this cannot always be done. So we check whether
            # the TLS Library still thinks it's matching hostnames.
            cert = socket.getpeercert()
            if not cert.get("subjectAltName", ()):
                warnings.warn(
                    (
                        "Certificate for {0} has no `subjectAltName`, falling back to check for a "
                        "`commonName` for now. This feature is being removed by major browsers and "
                        "deprecated by RFC 2818. (See https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/497 "
                        "for details.)".format(hostname)
                    ),
                    SubjectAltNameWarning,
                )
            _match_hostname(cert, hostname)

        self.proxy_is_verified = ssl_context.verify_mode == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
        return socket


def _match_hostname(cert, asserted_hostname):
    # Our upstream implementation of ssl.match_hostname()
    # only applies this normalization to IP addresses so it doesn't
    # match DNS SANs so we do the same thing!
    stripped_hostname = asserted_hostname.strip("u[]")
    if is_ipaddress(stripped_hostname):
        asserted_hostname = stripped_hostname

    try:
        match_hostname(cert, asserted_hostname)
    except CertificateError as e:
        log.warning(
            "Certificate did not match expected hostname: %s. Certificate: %s",
            asserted_hostname,
            cert,
        )
        # Add cert to exception and reraise so client code can inspect
        # the cert when catching the exception, if they want to
        e._peer_cert = cert
        raise


def _get_default_user_agent():
    return "python-urllib3/%s" % __version__


class DummyConnection(object):
    """Used to detect a failed ConnectionCls import."""

    pass


if not ssl:
    HTTPSConnection = DummyConnection  # noqa: F811


VerifiedHTTPSConnection = HTTPSConnection

import contextlib
import os
import re
import ssl
import typing

# candidates based on https://github.com/tiran/certifi-system-store by Christian Heimes
_CA_FILE_CANDIDATES = [
    # Alpine, Arch, Fedora 34+, OpenWRT, RHEL 9+, BSD
    "/etc/ssl/cert.pem",
    # Fedora <= 34, RHEL <= 9, CentOS <= 9
    "/etc/pki/tls/cert.pem",
    # Debian, Ubuntu (requires ca-certificates)
    "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt",
    # SUSE
    "/etc/ssl/ca-bundle.pem",
]

_HASHED_CERT_FILENAME_RE = re.compile(r"^[0-9a-fA-F]{8}\.[0-9]$")


@contextlib.contextmanager
def _configure_context(ctx: ssl.SSLContext) -> typing.Iterator[None]:
    # First, check whether the default locations from OpenSSL
    # seem like they will give us a usable set of CA certs.
    # ssl.get_default_verify_paths already takes care of:
    # - getting cafile from either the SSL_CERT_FILE env var
    #   or the path configured when OpenSSL was compiled,
    #   and verifying that that path exists
    # - getting capath from either the SSL_CERT_DIR env var
    #   or the path configured when OpenSSL was compiled,
    #   and verifying that that path exists
    # In addition we'll check whether capath appears to contain certs.
    defaults = ssl.get_default_verify_paths()
    if defaults.cafile or (defaults.capath and _capath_contains_certs(defaults.capath)):
        ctx.set_default_verify_paths()
    else:
        # cafile from OpenSSL doesn't exist
        # and capath from OpenSSL doesn't contain certs.
        # Let's search other common locations instead.
        for cafile in _CA_FILE_CANDIDATES:
            if os.path.isfile(cafile):
                ctx.load_verify_locations(cafile=cafile)
                break

    yield


def _capath_contains_certs(capath: str) -> bool:
    """Check whether capath exists and contains certs in the expected format."""
    if not os.path.isdir(capath):
        return False
    for name in os.listdir(capath):
        if _HASHED_CERT_FILENAME_RE.match(name):
            return True
    return False


def _verify_peercerts_impl(
    ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
    cert_chain: list[bytes],
    server_hostname: str | None = None,
) -> None:
    # This is a no-op because we've enabled SSLContext's built-in
    # verification via verify_mode=CERT_REQUIRED, and don't need to repeat it.
    pass