import csv
import email.message
import functools
import json
import logging
import pathlib
import re
import zipfile
from typing import (
    IO,
    Any,
    Collection,
    Container,
    Dict,
    Iterable,
    Iterator,
    List,
    NamedTuple,
    Optional,
    Protocol,
    Tuple,
    Union,
)

from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import InvalidSpecifier, SpecifierSet
from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version

from pip._internal.exceptions import NoneMetadataError
from pip._internal.locations import site_packages, user_site
from pip._internal.models.direct_url import (
    DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME,
    DirectUrl,
    DirectUrlValidationError,
)
from pip._internal.utils.compat import stdlib_pkgs  # TODO: Move definition here.
from pip._internal.utils.egg_link import egg_link_path_from_sys_path
from pip._internal.utils.misc import is_local, normalize_path
from pip._internal.utils.urls import url_to_path

from ._json import msg_to_json

InfoPath = Union[str, pathlib.PurePath]

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class BaseEntryPoint(Protocol):
    @property
    def name(self) -> str:
        raise NotImplementedError()

    @property
    def value(self) -> str:
        raise NotImplementedError()

    @property
    def group(self) -> str:
        raise NotImplementedError()


def _convert_installed_files_path(
    entry: Tuple[str, ...],
    info: Tuple[str, ...],
) -> str:
    """Convert a legacy installed-files.txt path into modern RECORD path.

    The legacy format stores paths relative to the info directory, while the
    modern format stores paths relative to the package root, e.g. the
    site-packages directory.

    :param entry: Path parts of the installed-files.txt entry.
    :param info: Path parts of the egg-info directory relative to package root.
    :returns: The converted entry.

    For best compatibility with symlinks, this does not use ``abspath()`` or
    ``Path.resolve()``, but tries to work with path parts:

    1. While ``entry`` starts with ``..``, remove the equal amounts of parts
       from ``info``; if ``info`` is empty, start appending ``..`` instead.
    2. Join the two directly.
    """
    while entry and entry[0] == "..":
        if not info or info[-1] == "..":
            info += ("..",)
        else:
            info = info[:-1]
        entry = entry[1:]
    return str(pathlib.Path(*info, *entry))


class RequiresEntry(NamedTuple):
    requirement: str
    extra: str
    marker: str


class BaseDistribution(Protocol):
    @classmethod
    def from_directory(cls, directory: str) -> "BaseDistribution":
        """Load the distribution from a metadata directory.

        :param directory: Path to a metadata directory, e.g. ``.dist-info``.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError()

    @classmethod
    def from_metadata_file_contents(
        cls,
        metadata_contents: bytes,
        filename: str,
        project_name: str,
    ) -> "BaseDistribution":
        """Load the distribution from the contents of a METADATA file.

        This is used to implement PEP 658 by generating a "shallow" dist object that can
        be used for resolution without downloading or building the actual dist yet.

        :param metadata_contents: The contents of a METADATA file.
        :param filename: File name for the dist with this metadata.
        :param project_name: Name of the project this dist represents.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError()

    @classmethod
    def from_wheel(cls, wheel: "Wheel", name: str) -> "BaseDistribution":
        """Load the distribution from a given wheel.

        :param wheel: A concrete wheel definition.
        :param name: File name of the wheel.

        :raises InvalidWheel: Whenever loading of the wheel causes a
            :py:exc:`zipfile.BadZipFile` exception to be thrown.
        :raises UnsupportedWheel: If the wheel is a valid zip, but malformed
            internally.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return f"{self.raw_name} {self.raw_version} ({self.location})"

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return f"{self.raw_name} {self.raw_version}"

    @property
    def location(self) -> Optional[str]:
        """Where the distribution is loaded from.

        A string value is not necessarily a filesystem path, since distributions
        can be loaded from other sources, e.g. arbitrary zip archives. ``None``
        means the distribution is created in-memory.

        Do not canonicalize this value with e.g. ``pathlib.Path.resolve()``. If
        this is a symbolic link, we want to preserve the relative path between
        it and files in the distribution.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError()

    @property
    def editable_project_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
        """The project location for editable distributions.

        This is the directory where pyproject.toml or setup.py is located.
        None if the distribution is not installed in editable mode.
        """
        # TODO: this property is relatively costly to compute, memoize it ?
        direct_url = self.direct_url
        if direct_url:
            if direct_url.is_local_editable():
                return url_to_path(direct_url.url)
        else:
            # Search for an .egg-link file by walking sys.path, as it was
            # done before by dist_is_editable().
            egg_link_path = egg_link_path_from_sys_path(self.raw_name)
            if egg_link_path:
                # TODO: get project location from second line of egg_link file
                #       (https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/10243)
                return self.location
        return None

    @property
    def installed_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
        """The distribution's "installed" location.

        This should generally be a ``site-packages`` directory. This is
        usually ``dist.location``, except for legacy develop-installed packages,
        where ``dist.location`` is the source code location, and this is where
        the ``.egg-link`` file is.

        The returned location is normalized (in particular, with symlinks removed).
        """
        raise NotImplementedError()

    @property
    def info_location(self) -> Optional[str]:
        """Location of the .[egg|dist]-info directory or file.

        Similarly to ``location``, a string value is not necessarily a
        filesystem path. ``None`` means the distribution is created in-memory.

        For a modern .dist-info installation on disk, this should be something
        like ``{location}/{raw_name}-{version}.dist-info``.

        Do not canonicalize this value with e.g. ``pathlib.Path.resolve()``. If
        this is a symbolic link, we want to preserve the relative path between
        it and other files in the distribution.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError()

    @property
    def installed_by_distutils(self) -> bool:
        """Whether this distribution is installed with legacy distutils format.

        A distribution installed with "raw" distutils not patched by setuptools
        uses one single file at ``info_location`` to store metadata. We need to
        treat this specially on uninstallation.
        """
        info_location = self.info_location
        if not info_location:
            return False
        return pathlib.Path(info_location).is_file()

    @property
    def installed_as_egg(self) -> bool:
        """Whether this distribution is installed as an egg.

        This usually indicates the distribution was installed by (older versions
        of) easy_install.
        """
        location = self.location
        if not location:
            return False
        return location.endswith(".egg")

    @property
    def installed_with_setuptools_egg_info(self) -> bool:
        """Whether this distribution is installed with the ``.egg-info`` format.

        This usually indicates the distribution was installed with setuptools
        with an old pip version or with ``single-version-externally-managed``.

        Note that this ensure the metadata store is a directory. distutils can
        also installs an ``.egg-info``, but as a file, not a directory. This
        property is *False* for that case. Also see ``installed_by_distutils``.
        """
        info_location = self.info_location
        if not info_location:
            return False
        if not info_location.endswith(".egg-info"):
            return False
        return pathlib.Path(info_location).is_dir()

    @property
    def installed_with_dist_info(self) -> bool:
        """Whether this distribution is installed with the "modern format".

        This indicates a "modern" installation, e.g. storing metadata in the
        ``.dist-info`` directory. This applies to installations made by
        setuptools (but through pip, not directly), or anything using the
        standardized build backend interface (PEP 517).
        """
        info_location = self.info_location
        if not info_location:
            return False
        if not info_location.endswith(".dist-info"):
            return False
        return pathlib.Path(info_location).is_dir()

    @property
    def canonical_name(self) -> NormalizedName:
        raise NotImplementedError()

    @property
    def version(self) -> Version:
        raise NotImplementedError()

    @property
    def raw_version(self) -> str:
        raise NotImplementedError()

    @property
    def setuptools_filename(self) -> str:
        """Convert a project name to its setuptools-compatible filename.

        This is a copy of ``pkg_resources.to_filename()`` for compatibility.
        """
        return self.raw_name.replace("-", "_")

    @property
    def direct_url(self) -> Optional[DirectUrl]:
        """Obtain a DirectUrl from this distribution.

        Returns None if the distribution has no `direct_url.json` metadata,
        or if `direct_url.json` is invalid.
        """
        try:
            content = self.read_text(DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME)
        except FileNotFoundError:
            return None
        try:
            return DirectUrl.from_json(content)
        except (
            UnicodeDecodeError,
            json.JSONDecodeError,
            DirectUrlValidationError,
        ) as e:
            logger.warning(
                "Error parsing %s for %s: %s",
                DIRECT_URL_METADATA_NAME,
                self.canonical_name,
                e,
            )
            return None

    @property
    def installer(self) -> str:
        try:
            installer_text = self.read_text("INSTALLER")
        except (OSError, ValueError, NoneMetadataError):
            return ""  # Fail silently if the installer file cannot be read.
        for line in installer_text.splitlines():
            cleaned_line = line.strip()
            if cleaned_line:
                return cleaned_line
        return ""

    @property
    def requested(self) -> bool:
        return self.is_file("REQUESTED")

    @property
    def editable(self) -> bool:
        return bool(self.editable_project_location)

    @property
    def local(self) -> bool:
        """If distribution is installed in the current virtual environment.

        Always True if we're not in a virtualenv.
        """
        if self.installed_location is None:
            return False
        return is_local(self.installed_location)

    @property
    def in_usersite(self) -> bool:
        if self.installed_location is None or user_site is None:
            return False
        return self.installed_location.startswith(normalize_path(user_site))

    @property
    def in_site_packages(self) -> bool:
        if self.installed_location is None or site_packages is None:
            return False
        return self.installed_location.startswith(normalize_path(site_packages))

    def is_file(self, path: InfoPath) -> bool:
        """Check whether an entry in the info directory is a file."""
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def iter_distutils_script_names(self) -> Iterator[str]:
        """Find distutils 'scripts' entries metadata.

        If 'scripts' is supplied in ``setup.py``, distutils records those in the
        installed distribution's ``scripts`` directory, a file for each script.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def read_text(self, path: InfoPath) -> str:
        """Read a file in the info directory.

        :raise FileNotFoundError: If ``path`` does not exist in the directory.
        :raise NoneMetadataError: If ``path`` exists in the info directory, but
            cannot be read.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def iter_entry_points(self) -> Iterable[BaseEntryPoint]:
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def _metadata_impl(self) -> email.message.Message:
        raise NotImplementedError()

    @functools.cached_property
    def metadata(self) -> email.message.Message:
        """Metadata of distribution parsed from e.g. METADATA or PKG-INFO.

        This should return an empty message if the metadata file is unavailable.

        :raises NoneMetadataError: If the metadata file is available, but does
            not contain valid metadata.
        """
        metadata = self._metadata_impl()
        self._add_egg_info_requires(metadata)
        return metadata

    @property
    def metadata_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """PEP 566 compliant JSON-serializable representation of METADATA or PKG-INFO.

        This should return an empty dict if the metadata file is unavailable.

        :raises NoneMetadataError: If the metadata file is available, but does
            not contain valid metadata.
        """
        return msg_to_json(self.metadata)

    @property
    def metadata_version(self) -> Optional[str]:
        """Value of "Metadata-Version:" in distribution metadata, if available."""
        return self.metadata.get("Metadata-Version")

    @property
    def raw_name(self) -> str:
        """Value of "Name:" in distribution metadata."""
        # The metadata should NEVER be missing the Name: key, but if it somehow
        # does, fall back to the known canonical name.
        return self.metadata.get("Name", self.canonical_name)

    @property
    def requires_python(self) -> SpecifierSet:
        """Value of "Requires-Python:" in distribution metadata.

        If the key does not exist or contains an invalid value, an empty
        SpecifierSet should be returned.
        """
        value = self.metadata.get("Requires-Python")
        if value is None:
            return SpecifierSet()
        try:
            # Convert to str to satisfy the type checker; this can be a Header object.
            spec = SpecifierSet(str(value))
        except InvalidSpecifier as e:
            message = "Package %r has an invalid Requires-Python: %s"
            logger.warning(message, self.raw_name, e)
            return SpecifierSet()
        return spec

    def iter_dependencies(self, extras: Collection[str] = ()) -> Iterable[Requirement]:
        """Dependencies of this distribution.

        For modern .dist-info distributions, this is the collection of
        "Requires-Dist:" entries in distribution metadata.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def iter_raw_dependencies(self) -> Iterable[str]:
        """Raw Requires-Dist metadata."""
        return self.metadata.get_all("Requires-Dist", [])

    def iter_provided_extras(self) -> Iterable[NormalizedName]:
        """Extras provided by this distribution.

        For modern .dist-info distributions, this is the collection of
        "Provides-Extra:" entries in distribution metadata.

        The return value of this function is expected to be normalised names,
        per PEP 685, with the returned value being handled appropriately by
        `iter_dependencies`.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def _iter_declared_entries_from_record(self) -> Optional[Iterator[str]]:
        try:
            text = self.read_text("RECORD")
        except FileNotFoundError:
            return None
        # This extra Path-str cast normalizes entries.
        return (str(pathlib.Path(row[0])) for row in csv.reader(text.splitlines()))

    def _iter_declared_entries_from_legacy(self) -> Optional[Iterator[str]]:
        try:
            text = self.read_text("installed-files.txt")
        except FileNotFoundError:
            return None
        paths = (p for p in text.splitlines(keepends=False) if p)
        root = self.location
        info = self.info_location
        if root is None or info is None:
            return paths
        try:
            info_rel = pathlib.Path(info).relative_to(root)
        except ValueError:  # info is not relative to root.
            return paths
        if not info_rel.parts:  # info *is* root.
            return paths
        return (
            _convert_installed_files_path(pathlib.Path(p).parts, info_rel.parts)
            for p in paths
        )

    def iter_declared_entries(self) -> Optional[Iterator[str]]:
        """Iterate through file entries declared in this distribution.

        For modern .dist-info distributions, this is the files listed in the
        ``RECORD`` metadata file. For legacy setuptools distributions, this
        comes from ``installed-files.txt``, with entries normalized to be
        compatible with the format used by ``RECORD``.

        :return: An iterator for listed entries, or None if the distribution
            contains neither ``RECORD`` nor ``installed-files.txt``.
        """
        return (
            self._iter_declared_entries_from_record()
            or self._iter_declared_entries_from_legacy()
        )

    def _iter_requires_txt_entries(self) -> Iterator[RequiresEntry]:
        """Parse a ``requires.txt`` in an egg-info directory.

        This is an INI-ish format where an egg-info stores dependencies. A
        section name describes extra other environment markers, while each entry
        is an arbitrary string (not a key-value pair) representing a dependency
        as a requirement string (no markers).

        There is a construct in ``importlib.metadata`` called ``Sectioned`` that
        does mostly the same, but the format is currently considered private.
        """
        try:
            content = self.read_text("requires.txt")
        except FileNotFoundError:
            return
        extra = marker = ""  # Section-less entries don't have markers.
        for line in content.splitlines():
            line = line.strip()
            if not line or line.startswith("#"):  # Comment; ignored.
                continue
            if line.startswith("[") and line.endswith("]"):  # A section header.
                extra, _, marker = line.strip("[]").partition(":")
                continue
            yield RequiresEntry(requirement=line, extra=extra, marker=marker)

    def _iter_egg_info_extras(self) -> Iterable[str]:
        """Get extras from the egg-info directory."""
        known_extras = {""}
        for entry in self._iter_requires_txt_entries():
            extra = canonicalize_name(entry.extra)
            if extra in known_extras:
                continue
            known_extras.add(extra)
            yield extra

    def _iter_egg_info_dependencies(self) -> Iterable[str]:
        """Get distribution dependencies from the egg-info directory.

        To ease parsing, this converts a legacy dependency entry into a PEP 508
        requirement string. Like ``_iter_requires_txt_entries()``, there is code
        in ``importlib.metadata`` that does mostly the same, but not do exactly
        what we need.

        Namely, ``importlib.metadata`` does not normalize the extra name before
        putting it into the requirement string, which causes marker comparison
        to fail because the dist-info format do normalize. This is consistent in
        all currently available PEP 517 backends, although not standardized.
        """
        for entry in self._iter_requires_txt_entries():
            extra = canonicalize_name(entry.extra)
            if extra and entry.marker:
                marker = f'({entry.marker}) and extra == "{extra}"'
            elif extra:
                marker = f'extra == "{extra}"'
            elif entry.marker:
                marker = entry.marker
            else:
                marker = ""
            if marker:
                yield f"{entry.requirement} ; {marker}"
            else:
                yield entry.requirement

    def _add_egg_info_requires(self, metadata: email.message.Message) -> None:
        """Add egg-info requires.txt information to the metadata."""
        if not metadata.get_all("Requires-Dist"):
            for dep in self._iter_egg_info_dependencies():
                metadata["Requires-Dist"] = dep
        if not metadata.get_all("Provides-Extra"):
            for extra in self._iter_egg_info_extras():
                metadata["Provides-Extra"] = extra


class BaseEnvironment:
    """An environment containing distributions to introspect."""

    @classmethod
    def default(cls) -> "BaseEnvironment":
        raise NotImplementedError()

    @classmethod
    def from_paths(cls, paths: Optional[List[str]]) -> "BaseEnvironment":
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def get_distribution(self, name: str) -> Optional["BaseDistribution"]:
        """Given a requirement name, return the installed distributions.

        The name may not be normalized. The implementation must canonicalize
        it for lookup.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def _iter_distributions(self) -> Iterator["BaseDistribution"]:
        """Iterate through installed distributions.

        This function should be implemented by subclass, but never called
        directly. Use the public ``iter_distribution()`` instead, which
        implements additional logic to make sure the distributions are valid.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def iter_all_distributions(self) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
        """Iterate through all installed distributions without any filtering."""
        for dist in self._iter_distributions():
            # Make sure the distribution actually comes from a valid Python
            # packaging distribution. Pip's AdjacentTempDirectory leaves folders
            # e.g. ``~atplotlib.dist-info`` if cleanup was interrupted. The
            # valid project name pattern is taken from PEP 508.
            project_name_valid = re.match(
                r"^([A-Z0-9]|[A-Z0-9][A-Z0-9._-]*[A-Z0-9])$",
                dist.canonical_name,
                flags=re.IGNORECASE,
            )
            if not project_name_valid:
                logger.warning(
                    "Ignoring invalid distribution %s (%s)",
                    dist.canonical_name,
                    dist.location,
                )
                continue
            yield dist

    def iter_installed_distributions(
        self,
        local_only: bool = True,
        skip: Container[str] = stdlib_pkgs,
        include_editables: bool = True,
        editables_only: bool = False,
        user_only: bool = False,
    ) -> Iterator[BaseDistribution]:
        """Return a list of installed distributions.

        This is based on ``iter_all_distributions()`` with additional filtering
        options. Note that ``iter_installed_distributions()`` without arguments
        is *not* equal to ``iter_all_distributions()``, since some of the
        configurations exclude packages by default.

        :param local_only: If True (default), only return installations
        local to the current virtualenv, if in a virtualenv.
        :param skip: An iterable of canonicalized project names to ignore;
            defaults to ``stdlib_pkgs``.
        :param include_editables: If False, don't report editables.
        :param editables_only: If True, only report editables.
        :param user_only: If True, only report installations in the user
        site directory.
        """
        it = self.iter_all_distributions()
        if local_only:
            it = (d for d in it if d.local)
        if not include_editables:
            it = (d for d in it if not d.editable)
        if editables_only:
            it = (d for d in it if d.editable)
        if user_only:
            it = (d for d in it if d.in_usersite)
        return (d for d in it if d.canonical_name not in skip)


class Wheel(Protocol):
    location: str

    def as_zipfile(self) -> zipfile.ZipFile:
        raise NotImplementedError()


class FilesystemWheel(Wheel):
    def __init__(self, location: str) -> None:
        self.location = location

    def as_zipfile(self) -> zipfile.ZipFile:
        return zipfile.ZipFile(self.location, allowZip64=True)


class MemoryWheel(Wheel):
    def __init__(self, location: str, stream: IO[bytes]) -> None:
        self.location = location
        self.stream = stream

    def as_zipfile(self) -> zipfile.ZipFile:
        return zipfile.ZipFile(self.stream, allowZip64=True)

# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
# for complete details.
"""
.. testsetup::

    from pip._vendor.packaging.specifiers import Specifier, SpecifierSet, InvalidSpecifier
    from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import abc
import itertools
import re
from typing import Callable, Iterable, Iterator, TypeVar, Union

from .utils import canonicalize_version
from .version import Version

UnparsedVersion = Union[Version, str]
UnparsedVersionVar = TypeVar("UnparsedVersionVar", bound=UnparsedVersion)
CallableOperator = Callable[[Version, str], bool]


def _coerce_version(version: UnparsedVersion) -> Version:
    if not isinstance(version, Version):
        version = Version(version)
    return version


class InvalidSpecifier(ValueError):
    """
    Raised when attempting to create a :class:`Specifier` with a specifier
    string that is invalid.

    >>> Specifier("lolwat")
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    packaging.specifiers.InvalidSpecifier: Invalid specifier: 'lolwat'
    """


class BaseSpecifier(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def __str__(self) -> str:
        """
        Returns the str representation of this Specifier-like object. This
        should be representative of the Specifier itself.
        """

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def __hash__(self) -> int:
        """
        Returns a hash value for this Specifier-like object.
        """

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
        """
        Returns a boolean representing whether or not the two Specifier-like
        objects are equal.

        :param other: The other object to check against.
        """

    @property
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def prereleases(self) -> bool | None:
        """Whether or not pre-releases as a whole are allowed.

        This can be set to either ``True`` or ``False`` to explicitly enable or disable
        prereleases or it can be set to ``None`` (the default) to use default semantics.
        """

    @prereleases.setter
    def prereleases(self, value: bool) -> None:
        """Setter for :attr:`prereleases`.

        :param value: The value to set.
        """

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def contains(self, item: str, prereleases: bool | None = None) -> bool:
        """
        Determines if the given item is contained within this specifier.
        """

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def filter(
        self, iterable: Iterable[UnparsedVersionVar], prereleases: bool | None = None
    ) -> Iterator[UnparsedVersionVar]:
        """
        Takes an iterable of items and filters them so that only items which
        are contained within this specifier are allowed in it.
        """


class Specifier(BaseSpecifier):
    """This class abstracts handling of version specifiers.

    .. tip::

        It is generally not required to instantiate this manually. You should instead
        prefer to work with :class:`SpecifierSet` instead, which can parse
        comma-separated version specifiers (which is what package metadata contains).
    """

    _operator_regex_str = r"""
        (?P<operator>(~=|==|!=|<=|>=|<|>|===))
        """
    _version_regex_str = r"""
        (?P<version>
            (?:
                # The identity operators allow for an escape hatch that will
                # do an exact string match of the version you wish to install.
                # This will not be parsed by PEP 440 and we cannot determine
                # any semantic meaning from it. This operator is discouraged
                # but included entirely as an escape hatch.
                (?<====)  # Only match for the identity operator
                \s*
                [^\s;)]*  # The arbitrary version can be just about anything,
                          # we match everything except for whitespace, a
                          # semi-colon for marker support, and a closing paren
                          # since versions can be enclosed in them.
            )
            |
            (?:
                # The (non)equality operators allow for wild card and local
                # versions to be specified so we have to define these two
                # operators separately to enable that.
                (?<===|!=)            # Only match for equals and not equals

                \s*
                v?
                (?:[0-9]+!)?          # epoch
                [0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*   # release

                # You cannot use a wild card and a pre-release, post-release, a dev or
                # local version together so group them with a | and make them optional.
                (?:
                    \.\*  # Wild card syntax of .*
                    |
                    (?:                                  # pre release
                        [-_\.]?
                        (alpha|beta|preview|pre|a|b|c|rc)
                        [-_\.]?
                        [0-9]*
                    )?
                    (?:                                  # post release
                        (?:-[0-9]+)|(?:[-_\.]?(post|rev|r)[-_\.]?[0-9]*)
                    )?
                    (?:[-_\.]?dev[-_\.]?[0-9]*)?         # dev release
                    (?:\+[a-z0-9]+(?:[-_\.][a-z0-9]+)*)? # local
                )?
            )
            |
            (?:
                # The compatible operator requires at least two digits in the
                # release segment.
                (?<=~=)               # Only match for the compatible operator

                \s*
                v?
                (?:[0-9]+!)?          # epoch
                [0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)+   # release  (We have a + instead of a *)
                (?:                   # pre release
                    [-_\.]?
                    (alpha|beta|preview|pre|a|b|c|rc)
                    [-_\.]?
                    [0-9]*
                )?
                (?:                                   # post release
                    (?:-[0-9]+)|(?:[-_\.]?(post|rev|r)[-_\.]?[0-9]*)
                )?
                (?:[-_\.]?dev[-_\.]?[0-9]*)?          # dev release
            )
            |
            (?:
                # All other operators only allow a sub set of what the
                # (non)equality operators do. Specifically they do not allow
                # local versions to be specified nor do they allow the prefix
                # matching wild cards.
                (?<!==|!=|~=)         # We have special cases for these
                                      # operators so we want to make sure they
                                      # don't match here.

                \s*
                v?
                (?:[0-9]+!)?          # epoch
                [0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*   # release
                (?:                   # pre release
                    [-_\.]?
                    (alpha|beta|preview|pre|a|b|c|rc)
                    [-_\.]?
                    [0-9]*
                )?
                (?:                                   # post release
                    (?:-[0-9]+)|(?:[-_\.]?(post|rev|r)[-_\.]?[0-9]*)
                )?
                (?:[-_\.]?dev[-_\.]?[0-9]*)?          # dev release
            )
        )
        """

    _regex = re.compile(
        r"^\s*" + _operator_regex_str + _version_regex_str + r"\s*$",
        re.VERBOSE | re.IGNORECASE,
    )

    _operators = {
        "~=": "compatible",
        "==": "equal",
        "!=": "not_equal",
        "<=": "less_than_equal",
        ">=": "greater_than_equal",
        "<": "less_than",
        ">": "greater_than",
        "===": "arbitrary",
    }

    def __init__(self, spec: str = "", prereleases: bool | None = None) -> None:
        """Initialize a Specifier instance.

        :param spec:
            The string representation of a specifier which will be parsed and
            normalized before use.
        :param prereleases:
            This tells the specifier if it should accept prerelease versions if
            applicable or not. The default of ``None`` will autodetect it from the
            given specifiers.
        :raises InvalidSpecifier:
            If the given specifier is invalid (i.e. bad syntax).
        """
        match = self._regex.search(spec)
        if not match:
            raise InvalidSpecifier(f"Invalid specifier: '{spec}'")

        self._spec: tuple[str, str] = (
            match.group("operator").strip(),
            match.group("version").strip(),
        )

        # Store whether or not this Specifier should accept prereleases
        self._prereleases = prereleases

    # https://github.com/python/mypy/pull/13475#pullrequestreview-1079784515
    @property  # type: ignore[override]
    def prereleases(self) -> bool:
        # If there is an explicit prereleases set for this, then we'll just
        # blindly use that.
        if self._prereleases is not None:
            return self._prereleases

        # Look at all of our specifiers and determine if they are inclusive
        # operators, and if they are if they are including an explicit
        # prerelease.
        operator, version = self._spec
        if operator in ["==", ">=", "<=", "~=", "==="]:
            # The == specifier can include a trailing .*, if it does we
            # want to remove before parsing.
            if operator == "==" and version.endswith(".*"):
                version = version[:-2]

            # Parse the version, and if it is a pre-release than this
            # specifier allows pre-releases.
            if Version(version).is_prerelease:
                return True

        return False

    @prereleases.setter
    def prereleases(self, value: bool) -> None:
        self._prereleases = value

    @property
    def operator(self) -> str:
        """The operator of this specifier.

        >>> Specifier("==1.2.3").operator
        '=='
        """
        return self._spec[0]

    @property
    def version(self) -> str:
        """The version of this specifier.

        >>> Specifier("==1.2.3").version
        '1.2.3'
        """
        return self._spec[1]

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        """A representation of the Specifier that shows all internal state.

        >>> Specifier('>=1.0.0')
        <Specifier('>=1.0.0')>
        >>> Specifier('>=1.0.0', prereleases=False)
        <Specifier('>=1.0.0', prereleases=False)>
        >>> Specifier('>=1.0.0', prereleases=True)
        <Specifier('>=1.0.0', prereleases=True)>
        """
        pre = (
            f", prereleases={self.prereleases!r}"
            if self._prereleases is not None
            else ""
        )

        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__}({str(self)!r}{pre})>"

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        """A string representation of the Specifier that can be round-tripped.

        >>> str(Specifier('>=1.0.0'))
        '>=1.0.0'
        >>> str(Specifier('>=1.0.0', prereleases=False))
        '>=1.0.0'
        """
        return "{}{}".format(*self._spec)

    @property
    def _canonical_spec(self) -> tuple[str, str]:
        canonical_version = canonicalize_version(
            self._spec[1],
            strip_trailing_zero=(self._spec[0] != "~="),
        )
        return self._spec[0], canonical_version

    def __hash__(self) -> int:
        return hash(self._canonical_spec)

    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
        """Whether or not the two Specifier-like objects are equal.

        :param other: The other object to check against.

        The value of :attr:`prereleases` is ignored.

        >>> Specifier("==1.2.3") == Specifier("== 1.2.3.0")
        True
        >>> (Specifier("==1.2.3", prereleases=False) ==
        ...  Specifier("==1.2.3", prereleases=True))
        True
        >>> Specifier("==1.2.3") == "==1.2.3"
        True
        >>> Specifier("==1.2.3") == Specifier("==1.2.4")
        False
        >>> Specifier("==1.2.3") == Specifier("~=1.2.3")
        False
        """
        if isinstance(other, str):
            try:
                other = self.__class__(str(other))
            except InvalidSpecifier:
                return NotImplemented
        elif not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
            return NotImplemented

        return self._canonical_spec == other._canonical_spec

    def _get_operator(self, op: str) -> CallableOperator:
        operator_callable: CallableOperator = getattr(
            self, f"_compare_{self._operators[op]}"
        )
        return operator_callable

    def _compare_compatible(self, prospective: Version, spec: str) -> bool:
        # Compatible releases have an equivalent combination of >= and ==. That
        # is that ~=2.2 is equivalent to >=2.2,==2.*. This allows us to
        # implement this in terms of the other specifiers instead of
        # implementing it ourselves. The only thing we need to do is construct
        # the other specifiers.

        # We want everything but the last item in the version, but we want to
        # ignore suffix segments.
        prefix = _version_join(
            list(itertools.takewhile(_is_not_suffix, _version_split(spec)))[:-1]
        )

        # Add the prefix notation to the end of our string
        prefix += ".*"

        return self._get_operator(">=")(prospective, spec) and self._get_operator("==")(
            prospective, prefix
        )

    def _compare_equal(self, prospective: Version, spec: str) -> bool:
        # We need special logic to handle prefix matching
        if spec.endswith(".*"):
            # In the case of prefix matching we want to ignore local segment.
            normalized_prospective = canonicalize_version(
                prospective.public, strip_trailing_zero=False
            )
            # Get the normalized version string ignoring the trailing .*
            normalized_spec = canonicalize_version(spec[:-2], strip_trailing_zero=False)
            # Split the spec out by bangs and dots, and pretend that there is
            # an implicit dot in between a release segment and a pre-release segment.
            split_spec = _version_split(normalized_spec)

            # Split the prospective version out by bangs and dots, and pretend
            # that there is an implicit dot in between a release segment and
            # a pre-release segment.
            split_prospective = _version_split(normalized_prospective)

            # 0-pad the prospective version before shortening it to get the correct
            # shortened version.
            padded_prospective, _ = _pad_version(split_prospective, split_spec)

            # Shorten the prospective version to be the same length as the spec
            # so that we can determine if the specifier is a prefix of the
            # prospective version or not.
            shortened_prospective = padded_prospective[: len(split_spec)]

            return shortened_prospective == split_spec
        else:
            # Convert our spec string into a Version
            spec_version = Version(spec)

            # If the specifier does not have a local segment, then we want to
            # act as if the prospective version also does not have a local
            # segment.
            if not spec_version.local:
                prospective = Version(prospective.public)

            return prospective == spec_version

    def _compare_not_equal(self, prospective: Version, spec: str) -> bool:
        return not self._compare_equal(prospective, spec)

    def _compare_less_than_equal(self, prospective: Version, spec: str) -> bool:
        # NB: Local version identifiers are NOT permitted in the version
        # specifier, so local version labels can be universally removed from
        # the prospective version.
        return Version(prospective.public) <= Version(spec)

    def _compare_greater_than_equal(self, prospective: Version, spec: str) -> bool:
        # NB: Local version identifiers are NOT permitted in the version
        # specifier, so local version labels can be universally removed from
        # the prospective version.
        return Version(prospective.public) >= Version(spec)

    def _compare_less_than(self, prospective: Version, spec_str: str) -> bool:
        # Convert our spec to a Version instance, since we'll want to work with
        # it as a version.
        spec = Version(spec_str)

        # Check to see if the prospective version is less than the spec
        # version. If it's not we can short circuit and just return False now
        # instead of doing extra unneeded work.
        if not prospective < spec:
            return False

        # This special case is here so that, unless the specifier itself
        # includes is a pre-release version, that we do not accept pre-release
        # versions for the version mentioned in the specifier (e.g. <3.1 should
        # not match 3.1.dev0, but should match 3.0.dev0).
        if not spec.is_prerelease and prospective.is_prerelease:
            if Version(prospective.base_version) == Version(spec.base_version):
                return False

        # If we've gotten to here, it means that prospective version is both
        # less than the spec version *and* it's not a pre-release of the same
        # version in the spec.
        return True

    def _compare_greater_than(self, prospective: Version, spec_str: str) -> bool:
        # Convert our spec to a Version instance, since we'll want to work with
        # it as a version.
        spec = Version(spec_str)

        # Check to see if the prospective version is greater than the spec
        # version. If it's not we can short circuit and just return False now
        # instead of doing extra unneeded work.
        if not prospective > spec:
            return False

        # This special case is here so that, unless the specifier itself
        # includes is a post-release version, that we do not accept
        # post-release versions for the version mentioned in the specifier
        # (e.g. >3.1 should not match 3.0.post0, but should match 3.2.post0).
        if not spec.is_postrelease and prospective.is_postrelease:
            if Version(prospective.base_version) == Version(spec.base_version):
                return False

        # Ensure that we do not allow a local version of the version mentioned
        # in the specifier, which is technically greater than, to match.
        if prospective.local is not None:
            if Version(prospective.base_version) == Version(spec.base_version):
                return False

        # If we've gotten to here, it means that prospective version is both
        # greater than the spec version *and* it's not a pre-release of the
        # same version in the spec.
        return True

    def _compare_arbitrary(self, prospective: Version, spec: str) -> bool:
        return str(prospective).lower() == str(spec).lower()

    def __contains__(self, item: str | Version) -> bool:
        """Return whether or not the item is contained in this specifier.

        :param item: The item to check for.

        This is used for the ``in`` operator and behaves the same as
        :meth:`contains` with no ``prereleases`` argument passed.

        >>> "1.2.3" in Specifier(">=1.2.3")
        True
        >>> Version("1.2.3") in Specifier(">=1.2.3")
        True
        >>> "1.0.0" in Specifier(">=1.2.3")
        False
        >>> "1.3.0a1" in Specifier(">=1.2.3")
        False
        >>> "1.3.0a1" in Specifier(">=1.2.3", prereleases=True)
        True
        """
        return self.contains(item)

    def contains(self, item: UnparsedVersion, prereleases: bool | None = None) -> bool:
        """Return whether or not the item is contained in this specifier.

        :param item:
            The item to check for, which can be a version string or a
            :class:`Version` instance.
        :param prereleases:
            Whether or not to match prereleases with this Specifier. If set to
            ``None`` (the default), it uses :attr:`prereleases` to determine
            whether or not prereleases are allowed.

        >>> Specifier(">=1.2.3").contains("1.2.3")
        True
        >>> Specifier(">=1.2.3").contains(Version("1.2.3"))
        True
        >>> Specifier(">=1.2.3").contains("1.0.0")
        False
        >>> Specifier(">=1.2.3").contains("1.3.0a1")
        False
        >>> Specifier(">=1.2.3", prereleases=True).contains("1.3.0a1")
        True
        >>> Specifier(">=1.2.3").contains("1.3.0a1", prereleases=True)
        True
        """

        # Determine if prereleases are to be allowed or not.
        if prereleases is None:
            prereleases = self.prereleases

        # Normalize item to a Version, this allows us to have a shortcut for
        # "2.0" in Specifier(">=2")
        normalized_item = _coerce_version(item)

        # Determine if we should be supporting prereleases in this specifier
        # or not, if we do not support prereleases than we can short circuit
        # logic if this version is a prereleases.
        if normalized_item.is_prerelease and not prereleases:
            return False

        # Actually do the comparison to determine if this item is contained
        # within this Specifier or not.
        operator_callable: CallableOperator = self._get_operator(self.operator)
        return operator_callable(normalized_item, self.version)

    def filter(
        self, iterable: Iterable[UnparsedVersionVar], prereleases: bool | None = None
    ) -> Iterator[UnparsedVersionVar]:
        """Filter items in the given iterable, that match the specifier.

        :param iterable:
            An iterable that can contain version strings and :class:`Version` instances.
            The items in the iterable will be filtered according to the specifier.
        :param prereleases:
            Whether or not to allow prereleases in the returned iterator. If set to
            ``None`` (the default), it will be intelligently decide whether to allow
            prereleases or not (based on the :attr:`prereleases` attribute, and
            whether the only versions matching are prereleases).

        This method is smarter than just ``filter(Specifier().contains, [...])``
        because it implements the rule from :pep:`440` that a prerelease item
        SHOULD be accepted if no other versions match the given specifier.

        >>> list(Specifier(">=1.2.3").filter(["1.2", "1.3", "1.5a1"]))
        ['1.3']
        >>> list(Specifier(">=1.2.3").filter(["1.2", "1.2.3", "1.3", Version("1.4")]))
        ['1.2.3', '1.3', <Version('1.4')>]
        >>> list(Specifier(">=1.2.3").filter(["1.2", "1.5a1"]))
        ['1.5a1']
        >>> list(Specifier(">=1.2.3").filter(["1.3", "1.5a1"], prereleases=True))
        ['1.3', '1.5a1']
        >>> list(Specifier(">=1.2.3", prereleases=True).filter(["1.3", "1.5a1"]))
        ['1.3', '1.5a1']
        """

        yielded = False
        found_prereleases = []

        kw = {"prereleases": prereleases if prereleases is not None else True}

        # Attempt to iterate over all the values in the iterable and if any of
        # them match, yield them.
        for version in iterable:
            parsed_version = _coerce_version(version)

            if self.contains(parsed_version, **kw):
                # If our version is a prerelease, and we were not set to allow
                # prereleases, then we'll store it for later in case nothing
                # else matches this specifier.
                if parsed_version.is_prerelease and not (
                    prereleases or self.prereleases
                ):
                    found_prereleases.append(version)
                # Either this is not a prerelease, or we should have been
                # accepting prereleases from the beginning.
                else:
                    yielded = True
                    yield version

        # Now that we've iterated over everything, determine if we've yielded
        # any values, and if we have not and we have any prereleases stored up
        # then we will go ahead and yield the prereleases.
        if not yielded and found_prereleases:
            for version in found_prereleases:
                yield version


_prefix_regex = re.compile(r"^([0-9]+)((?:a|b|c|rc)[0-9]+)$")


def _version_split(version: str) -> list[str]:
    """Split version into components.

    The split components are intended for version comparison. The logic does
    not attempt to retain the original version string, so joining the
    components back with :func:`_version_join` may not produce the original
    version string.
    """
    result: list[str] = []

    epoch, _, rest = version.rpartition("!")
    result.append(epoch or "0")

    for item in rest.split("."):
        match = _prefix_regex.search(item)
        if match:
            result.extend(match.groups())
        else:
            result.append(item)
    return result


def _version_join(components: list[str]) -> str:
    """Join split version components into a version string.

    This function assumes the input came from :func:`_version_split`, where the
    first component must be the epoch (either empty or numeric), and all other
    components numeric.
    """
    epoch, *rest = components
    return f"{epoch}!{'.'.join(rest)}"


def _is_not_suffix(segment: str) -> bool:
    return not any(
        segment.startswith(prefix) for prefix in ("dev", "a", "b", "rc", "post")
    )


def _pad_version(left: list[str], right: list[str]) -> tuple[list[str], list[str]]:
    left_split, right_split = [], []

    # Get the release segment of our versions
    left_split.append(list(itertools.takewhile(lambda x: x.isdigit(), left)))
    right_split.append(list(itertools.takewhile(lambda x: x.isdigit(), right)))

    # Get the rest of our versions
    left_split.append(left[len(left_split[0]) :])
    right_split.append(right[len(right_split[0]) :])

    # Insert our padding
    left_split.insert(1, ["0"] * max(0, len(right_split[0]) - len(left_split[0])))
    right_split.insert(1, ["0"] * max(0, len(left_split[0]) - len(right_split[0])))

    return (
        list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(left_split)),
        list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(right_split)),
    )


class SpecifierSet(BaseSpecifier):
    """This class abstracts handling of a set of version specifiers.

    It can be passed a single specifier (``>=3.0``), a comma-separated list of
    specifiers (``>=3.0,!=3.1``), or no specifier at all.
    """

    def __init__(self, specifiers: str = "", prereleases: bool | None = None) -> None:
        """Initialize a SpecifierSet instance.

        :param specifiers:
            The string representation of a specifier or a comma-separated list of
            specifiers which will be parsed and normalized before use.
        :param prereleases:
            This tells the SpecifierSet if it should accept prerelease versions if
            applicable or not. The default of ``None`` will autodetect it from the
            given specifiers.

        :raises InvalidSpecifier:
            If the given ``specifiers`` are not parseable than this exception will be
            raised.
        """

        # Split on `,` to break each individual specifier into it's own item, and
        # strip each item to remove leading/trailing whitespace.
        split_specifiers = [s.strip() for s in specifiers.split(",") if s.strip()]

        # Make each individual specifier a Specifier and save in a frozen set for later.
        self._specs = frozenset(map(Specifier, split_specifiers))

        # Store our prereleases value so we can use it later to determine if
        # we accept prereleases or not.
        self._prereleases = prereleases

    @property
    def prereleases(self) -> bool | None:
        # If we have been given an explicit prerelease modifier, then we'll
        # pass that through here.
        if self._prereleases is not None:
            return self._prereleases

        # If we don't have any specifiers, and we don't have a forced value,
        # then we'll just return None since we don't know if this should have
        # pre-releases or not.
        if not self._specs:
            return None

        # Otherwise we'll see if any of the given specifiers accept
        # prereleases, if any of them do we'll return True, otherwise False.
        return any(s.prereleases for s in self._specs)

    @prereleases.setter
    def prereleases(self, value: bool) -> None:
        self._prereleases = value

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        """A representation of the specifier set that shows all internal state.

        Note that the ordering of the individual specifiers within the set may not
        match the input string.

        >>> SpecifierSet('>=1.0.0,!=2.0.0')
        <SpecifierSet('!=2.0.0,>=1.0.0')>
        >>> SpecifierSet('>=1.0.0,!=2.0.0', prereleases=False)
        <SpecifierSet('!=2.0.0,>=1.0.0', prereleases=False)>
        >>> SpecifierSet('>=1.0.0,!=2.0.0', prereleases=True)
        <SpecifierSet('!=2.0.0,>=1.0.0', prereleases=True)>
        """
        pre = (
            f", prereleases={self.prereleases!r}"
            if self._prereleases is not None
            else ""
        )

        return f"<SpecifierSet({str(self)!r}{pre})>"

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        """A string representation of the specifier set that can be round-tripped.

        Note that the ordering of the individual specifiers within the set may not
        match the input string.

        >>> str(SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1"))
        '!=1.0.1,>=1.0.0'
        >>> str(SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1", prereleases=False))
        '!=1.0.1,>=1.0.0'
        """
        return ",".join(sorted(str(s) for s in self._specs))

    def __hash__(self) -> int:
        return hash(self._specs)

    def __and__(self, other: SpecifierSet | str) -> SpecifierSet:
        """Return a SpecifierSet which is a combination of the two sets.

        :param other: The other object to combine with.

        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1") & '<=2.0.0,!=2.0.1'
        <SpecifierSet('!=1.0.1,!=2.0.1,<=2.0.0,>=1.0.0')>
        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1") & SpecifierSet('<=2.0.0,!=2.0.1')
        <SpecifierSet('!=1.0.1,!=2.0.1,<=2.0.0,>=1.0.0')>
        """
        if isinstance(other, str):
            other = SpecifierSet(other)
        elif not isinstance(other, SpecifierSet):
            return NotImplemented

        specifier = SpecifierSet()
        specifier._specs = frozenset(self._specs | other._specs)

        if self._prereleases is None and other._prereleases is not None:
            specifier._prereleases = other._prereleases
        elif self._prereleases is not None and other._prereleases is None:
            specifier._prereleases = self._prereleases
        elif self._prereleases == other._prereleases:
            specifier._prereleases = self._prereleases
        else:
            raise ValueError(
                "Cannot combine SpecifierSets with True and False prerelease "
                "overrides."
            )

        return specifier

    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
        """Whether or not the two SpecifierSet-like objects are equal.

        :param other: The other object to check against.

        The value of :attr:`prereleases` is ignored.

        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1") == SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1")
        True
        >>> (SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1", prereleases=False) ==
        ...  SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1", prereleases=True))
        True
        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1") == ">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1"
        True
        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1") == SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0")
        False
        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1") == SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.2")
        False
        """
        if isinstance(other, (str, Specifier)):
            other = SpecifierSet(str(other))
        elif not isinstance(other, SpecifierSet):
            return NotImplemented

        return self._specs == other._specs

    def __len__(self) -> int:
        """Returns the number of specifiers in this specifier set."""
        return len(self._specs)

    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Specifier]:
        """
        Returns an iterator over all the underlying :class:`Specifier` instances
        in this specifier set.

        >>> sorted(SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1"), key=str)
        [<Specifier('!=1.0.1')>, <Specifier('>=1.0.0')>]
        """
        return iter(self._specs)

    def __contains__(self, item: UnparsedVersion) -> bool:
        """Return whether or not the item is contained in this specifier.

        :param item: The item to check for.

        This is used for the ``in`` operator and behaves the same as
        :meth:`contains` with no ``prereleases`` argument passed.

        >>> "1.2.3" in SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1")
        True
        >>> Version("1.2.3") in SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1")
        True
        >>> "1.0.1" in SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1")
        False
        >>> "1.3.0a1" in SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1")
        False
        >>> "1.3.0a1" in SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1", prereleases=True)
        True
        """
        return self.contains(item)

    def contains(
        self,
        item: UnparsedVersion,
        prereleases: bool | None = None,
        installed: bool | None = None,
    ) -> bool:
        """Return whether or not the item is contained in this SpecifierSet.

        :param item:
            The item to check for, which can be a version string or a
            :class:`Version` instance.
        :param prereleases:
            Whether or not to match prereleases with this SpecifierSet. If set to
            ``None`` (the default), it uses :attr:`prereleases` to determine
            whether or not prereleases are allowed.

        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1").contains("1.2.3")
        True
        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1").contains(Version("1.2.3"))
        True
        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1").contains("1.0.1")
        False
        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1").contains("1.3.0a1")
        False
        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1", prereleases=True).contains("1.3.0a1")
        True
        >>> SpecifierSet(">=1.0.0,!=1.0.1").contains("1.3.0a1", prereleases=True)
        True
        """
        # Ensure that our item is a Version instance.
        if not isinstance(item, Version):
            item = Version(item)

        # Determine if we're forcing a prerelease or not, if we're not forcing
        # one for this particular filter call, then we'll use whatever the
        # SpecifierSet thinks for whether or not we should support prereleases.
        if prereleases is None:
            prereleases = self.prereleases

        # We can determine if we're going to allow pre-releases by looking to
        # see if any of the underlying items supports them. If none of them do
        # and this item is a pre-release then we do not allow it and we can
        # short circuit that here.
        # Note: This means that 1.0.dev1 would not be contained in something
        #       like >=1.0.devabc however it would be in >=1.0.debabc,>0.0.dev0
        if not prereleases and item.is_prerelease:
            return False

        if installed and item.is_prerelease:
            item = Version(item.base_version)

        # We simply dispatch to the underlying specs here to make sure that the
        # given version is contained within all of them.
        # Note: This use of all() here means that an empty set of specifiers
        #       will always return True, this is an explicit design decision.
        return all(s.contains(item, prereleases=prereleases) for s in self._specs)

    def filter(
        self, iterable: Iterable[UnparsedVersionVar], prereleases: bool | None = None
    ) -> Iterator[UnparsedVersionVar]:
        """Filter items in the given iterable, that match the specifiers in this set.

        :param iterable:
            An iterable that can contain version strings and :class:`Version` instances.
            The items in the iterable will be filtered according to the specifier.
        :param prereleases:
            Whether or not to allow prereleases in the returned iterator. If set to
            ``None`` (the default), it will be intelligently decide whether to allow
            prereleases or not (based on the :attr:`prereleases` attribute, and
            whether the only versions matching are prereleases).

        This method is smarter than just ``filter(SpecifierSet(...).contains, [...])``
        because it implements the rule from :pep:`440` that a prerelease item
        SHOULD be accepted if no other versions match the given specifier.

        >>> list(SpecifierSet(">=1.2.3").filter(["1.2", "1.3", "1.5a1"]))
        ['1.3']
        >>> list(SpecifierSet(">=1.2.3").filter(["1.2", "1.3", Version("1.4")]))
        ['1.3', <Version('1.4')>]
        >>> list(SpecifierSet(">=1.2.3").filter(["1.2", "1.5a1"]))
        []
        >>> list(SpecifierSet(">=1.2.3").filter(["1.3", "1.5a1"], prereleases=True))
        ['1.3', '1.5a1']
        >>> list(SpecifierSet(">=1.2.3", prereleases=True).filter(["1.3", "1.5a1"]))
        ['1.3', '1.5a1']

        An "empty" SpecifierSet will filter items based on the presence of prerelease
        versions in the set.

        >>> list(SpecifierSet("").filter(["1.3", "1.5a1"]))
        ['1.3']
        >>> list(SpecifierSet("").filter(["1.5a1"]))
        ['1.5a1']
        >>> list(SpecifierSet("", prereleases=True).filter(["1.3", "1.5a1"]))
        ['1.3', '1.5a1']
        >>> list(SpecifierSet("").filter(["1.3", "1.5a1"], prereleases=True))
        ['1.3', '1.5a1']
        """
        # Determine if we're forcing a prerelease or not, if we're not forcing
        # one for this particular filter call, then we'll use whatever the
        # SpecifierSet thinks for whether or not we should support prereleases.
        if prereleases is None:
            prereleases = self.prereleases

        # If we have any specifiers, then we want to wrap our iterable in the
        # filter method for each one, this will act as a logical AND amongst
        # each specifier.
        if self._specs:
            for spec in self._specs:
                iterable = spec.filter(iterable, prereleases=bool(prereleases))
            return iter(iterable)
        # If we do not have any specifiers, then we need to have a rough filter
        # which will filter out any pre-releases, unless there are no final
        # releases.
        else:
            filtered: list[UnparsedVersionVar] = []
            found_prereleases: list[UnparsedVersionVar] = []

            for item in iterable:
                parsed_version = _coerce_version(item)

                # Store any item which is a pre-release for later unless we've
                # already found a final version or we are accepting prereleases
                if parsed_version.is_prerelease and not prereleases:
                    if not filtered:
                        found_prereleases.append(item)
                else:
                    filtered.append(item)

            # If we've found no items except for pre-releases, then we'll go
            # ahead and use the pre-releases
            if not filtered and found_prereleases and prereleases is None:
                return iter(found_prereleases)

            return iter(filtered)

r"""
The ``codes`` object defines a mapping from common names for HTTP statuses
to their numerical codes, accessible either as attributes or as dictionary
items.

Example::

    >>> import requests
    >>> requests.codes['temporary_redirect']
    307
    >>> requests.codes.teapot
    418
    >>> requests.codes['\o/']
    200

Some codes have multiple names, and both upper- and lower-case versions of
the names are allowed. For example, ``codes.ok``, ``codes.OK``, and
``codes.okay`` all correspond to the HTTP status code 200.
"""

from .structures import LookupDict

_codes = {
    # Informational.
    100: ("continue",),
    101: ("switching_protocols",),
    102: ("processing", "early-hints"),
    103: ("checkpoint",),
    122: ("uri_too_long", "request_uri_too_long"),
    200: ("ok", "okay", "all_ok", "all_okay", "all_good", "\\o/", "✓"),
    201: ("created",),
    202: ("accepted",),
    203: ("non_authoritative_info", "non_authoritative_information"),
    204: ("no_content",),
    205: ("reset_content", "reset"),
    206: ("partial_content", "partial"),
    207: ("multi_status", "multiple_status", "multi_stati", "multiple_stati"),
    208: ("already_reported",),
    226: ("im_used",),
    # Redirection.
    300: ("multiple_choices",),
    301: ("moved_permanently", "moved", "\\o-"),
    302: ("found",),
    303: ("see_other", "other"),
    304: ("not_modified",),
    305: ("use_proxy",),
    306: ("switch_proxy",),
    307: ("temporary_redirect", "temporary_moved", "temporary"),
    308: (
        "permanent_redirect",
        "resume_incomplete",
        "resume",
    ),  # "resume" and "resume_incomplete" to be removed in 3.0
    # Client Error.
    400: ("bad_request", "bad"),
    401: ("unauthorized",),
    402: ("payment_required", "payment"),
    403: ("forbidden",),
    404: ("not_found", "-o-"),
    405: ("method_not_allowed", "not_allowed"),
    406: ("not_acceptable",),
    407: ("proxy_authentication_required", "proxy_auth", "proxy_authentication"),
    408: ("request_timeout", "timeout"),
    409: ("conflict",),
    410: ("gone",),
    411: ("length_required",),
    412: ("precondition_failed", "precondition"),
    413: ("request_entity_too_large", "content_too_large"),
    414: ("request_uri_too_large", "uri_too_long"),
    415: ("unsupported_media_type", "unsupported_media", "media_type"),
    416: (
        "requested_range_not_satisfiable",
        "requested_range",
        "range_not_satisfiable",
    ),
    417: ("expectation_failed",),
    418: ("im_a_teapot", "teapot", "i_am_a_teapot"),
    421: ("misdirected_request",),
    422: ("unprocessable_entity", "unprocessable", "unprocessable_content"),
    423: ("locked",),
    424: ("failed_dependency", "dependency"),
    425: ("unordered_collection", "unordered", "too_early"),
    426: ("upgrade_required", "upgrade"),
    428: ("precondition_required", "precondition"),
    429: ("too_many_requests", "too_many"),
    431: ("header_fields_too_large", "fields_too_large"),
    444: ("no_response", "none"),
    449: ("retry_with", "retry"),
    450: ("blocked_by_windows_parental_controls", "parental_controls"),
    451: ("unavailable_for_legal_reasons", "legal_reasons"),
    499: ("client_closed_request",),
    # Server Error.
    500: ("internal_server_error", "server_error", "/o\\", "✗"),
    501: ("not_implemented",),
    502: ("bad_gateway",),
    503: ("service_unavailable", "unavailable"),
    504: ("gateway_timeout",),
    505: ("http_version_not_supported", "http_version"),
    506: ("variant_also_negotiates",),
    507: ("insufficient_storage",),
    509: ("bandwidth_limit_exceeded", "bandwidth"),
    510: ("not_extended",),
    511: ("network_authentication_required", "network_auth", "network_authentication"),
}

codes = LookupDict(name="status_codes")


def _init():
    for code, titles in _codes.items():
        for title in titles:
            setattr(codes, title, code)
            if not title.startswith(("\\", "/")):
                setattr(codes, title.upper(), code)

    def doc(code):
        names = ", ".join(f"``{n}``" for n in _codes[code])
        return "* %d: %s" % (code, names)

    global __doc__
    __doc__ = (
        __doc__ + "\n" + "\n".join(doc(code) for code in sorted(_codes))
        if __doc__ is not None
        else None
    )


_init()

"""
    pygments.regexopt
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    An algorithm that generates optimized regexes for matching long lists of
    literal strings.

    :copyright: Copyright 2006-2024 by the Pygments team, see AUTHORS.
    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
"""

import re
from re import escape
from os.path import commonprefix
from itertools import groupby
from operator import itemgetter

CS_ESCAPE = re.compile(r'[\[\^\\\-\]]')
FIRST_ELEMENT = itemgetter(0)


def make_charset(letters):
    return '[' + CS_ESCAPE.sub(lambda m: '\\' + m.group(), ''.join(letters)) + ']'


def regex_opt_inner(strings, open_paren):
    """Return a regex that matches any string in the sorted list of strings."""
    close_paren = open_paren and ')' or ''
    # print strings, repr(open_paren)
    if not strings:
        # print '-> nothing left'
        return ''
    first = strings[0]
    if len(strings) == 1:
        # print '-> only 1 string'
        return open_paren + escape(first) + close_paren
    if not first:
        # print '-> first string empty'
        return open_paren + regex_opt_inner(strings[1:], '(?:') \
            + '?' + close_paren
    if len(first) == 1:
        # multiple one-char strings? make a charset
        oneletter = []
        rest = []
        for s in strings:
            if len(s) == 1:
                oneletter.append(s)
            else:
                rest.append(s)
        if len(oneletter) > 1:  # do we have more than one oneletter string?
            if rest:
                # print '-> 1-character + rest'
                return open_paren + regex_opt_inner(rest, '') + '|' \
                    + make_charset(oneletter) + close_paren
            # print '-> only 1-character'
            return open_paren + make_charset(oneletter) + close_paren
    prefix = commonprefix(strings)
    if prefix:
        plen = len(prefix)
        # we have a prefix for all strings
        # print '-> prefix:', prefix
        return open_paren + escape(prefix) \
            + regex_opt_inner([s[plen:] for s in strings], '(?:') \
            + close_paren
    # is there a suffix?
    strings_rev = [s[::-1] for s in strings]
    suffix = commonprefix(strings_rev)
    if suffix:
        slen = len(suffix)
        # print '-> suffix:', suffix[::-1]
        return open_paren \
            + regex_opt_inner(sorted(s[:-slen] for s in strings), '(?:') \
            + escape(suffix[::-1]) + close_paren
    # recurse on common 1-string prefixes
    # print '-> last resort'
    return open_paren + \
        '|'.join(regex_opt_inner(list(group[1]), '')
                 for group in groupby(strings, lambda s: s[0] == first[0])) \
        + close_paren


def regex_opt(strings, prefix='', suffix=''):
    """Return a compiled regex that matches any string in the given list.

    The strings to match must be literal strings, not regexes.  They will be
    regex-escaped.

    *prefix* and *suffix* are pre- and appended to the final regex.
    """
    strings = sorted(strings)
    return prefix + regex_opt_inner(strings, '(') + suffix

"""
requests.exceptions
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

This module contains the set of Requests' exceptions.
"""
from pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions import HTTPError as BaseHTTPError

from .compat import JSONDecodeError as CompatJSONDecodeError


class RequestException(IOError):
    """There was an ambiguous exception that occurred while handling your
    request.
    """

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """Initialize RequestException with `request` and `response` objects."""
        response = kwargs.pop("response", None)
        self.response = response
        self.request = kwargs.pop("request", None)
        if response is not None and not self.request and hasattr(response, "request"):
            self.request = self.response.request
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)


class InvalidJSONError(RequestException):
    """A JSON error occurred."""


class JSONDecodeError(InvalidJSONError, CompatJSONDecodeError):
    """Couldn't decode the text into json"""

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Construct the JSONDecodeError instance first with all
        args. Then use it's args to construct the IOError so that
        the json specific args aren't used as IOError specific args
        and the error message from JSONDecodeError is preserved.
        """
        CompatJSONDecodeError.__init__(self, *args)
        InvalidJSONError.__init__(self, *self.args, **kwargs)

    def __reduce__(self):
        """
        The __reduce__ method called when pickling the object must
        be the one from the JSONDecodeError (be it json/simplejson)
        as it expects all the arguments for instantiation, not just
        one like the IOError, and the MRO would by default call the
        __reduce__ method from the IOError due to the inheritance order.
        """
        return CompatJSONDecodeError.__reduce__(self)


class HTTPError(RequestException):
    """An HTTP error occurred."""


class ConnectionError(RequestException):
    """A Connection error occurred."""


class ProxyError(ConnectionError):
    """A proxy error occurred."""


class SSLError(ConnectionError):
    """An SSL error occurred."""


class Timeout(RequestException):
    """The request timed out.

    Catching this error will catch both
    :exc:`~requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout` and
    :exc:`~requests.exceptions.ReadTimeout` errors.
    """


class ConnectTimeout(ConnectionError, Timeout):
    """The request timed out while trying to connect to the remote server.

    Requests that produced this error are safe to retry.
    """


class ReadTimeout(Timeout):
    """The server did not send any data in the allotted amount of time."""


class URLRequired(RequestException):
    """A valid URL is required to make a request."""


class TooManyRedirects(RequestException):
    """Too many redirects."""


class MissingSchema(RequestException, ValueError):
    """The URL scheme (e.g. http or https) is missing."""


class InvalidSchema(RequestException, ValueError):
    """The URL scheme provided is either invalid or unsupported."""


class InvalidURL(RequestException, ValueError):
    """The URL provided was somehow invalid."""


class InvalidHeader(RequestException, ValueError):
    """The header value provided was somehow invalid."""


class InvalidProxyURL(InvalidURL):
    """The proxy URL provided is invalid."""


class ChunkedEncodingError(RequestException):
    """The server declared chunked encoding but sent an invalid chunk."""


class ContentDecodingError(RequestException, BaseHTTPError):
    """Failed to decode response content."""


class StreamConsumedError(RequestException, TypeError):
    """The content for this response was already consumed."""


class RetryError(RequestException):
    """Custom retries logic failed"""


class UnrewindableBodyError(RequestException):
    """Requests encountered an error when trying to rewind a body."""


# Warnings


class RequestsWarning(Warning):
    """Base warning for Requests."""


class FileModeWarning(RequestsWarning, DeprecationWarning):
    """A file was opened in text mode, but Requests determined its binary length."""


class RequestsDependencyWarning(RequestsWarning):
    """An imported dependency doesn't match the expected version range."""

import functools
import os
import site
import sys
import sysconfig
import typing

from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
from pip._internal.utils import appdirs
from pip._internal.utils.virtualenv import running_under_virtualenv

# Application Directories
USER_CACHE_DIR = appdirs.user_cache_dir("pip")

# FIXME doesn't account for venv linked to global site-packages
site_packages: str = sysconfig.get_path("purelib")


def get_major_minor_version() -> str:
    """
    Return the major-minor version of the current Python as a string, e.g.
    "3.7" or "3.10".
    """
    return "{}.{}".format(*sys.version_info)


def change_root(new_root: str, pathname: str) -> str:
    """Return 'pathname' with 'new_root' prepended.

    If 'pathname' is relative, this is equivalent to os.path.join(new_root, pathname).
    Otherwise, it requires making 'pathname' relative and then joining the
    two, which is tricky on DOS/Windows and Mac OS.

    This is borrowed from Python's standard library's distutils module.
    """
    if os.name == "posix":
        if not os.path.isabs(pathname):
            return os.path.join(new_root, pathname)
        else:
            return os.path.join(new_root, pathname[1:])

    elif os.name == "nt":
        (drive, path) = os.path.splitdrive(pathname)
        if path[0] == "\\":
            path = path[1:]
        return os.path.join(new_root, path)

    else:
        raise InstallationError(
            f"Unknown platform: {os.name}\n"
            "Can not change root path prefix on unknown platform."
        )


def get_src_prefix() -> str:
    if running_under_virtualenv():
        src_prefix = os.path.join(sys.prefix, "src")
    else:
        # FIXME: keep src in cwd for now (it is not a temporary folder)
        try:
            src_prefix = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "src")
        except OSError:
            # In case the current working directory has been renamed or deleted
            sys.exit("The folder you are executing pip from can no longer be found.")

    # under macOS + virtualenv sys.prefix is not properly resolved
    # it is something like /path/to/python/bin/..
    return os.path.abspath(src_prefix)


try:
    # Use getusersitepackages if this is present, as it ensures that the
    # value is initialised properly.
    user_site: typing.Optional[str] = site.getusersitepackages()
except AttributeError:
    user_site = site.USER_SITE


@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
def is_osx_framework() -> bool:
    return bool(sysconfig.get_config_var("PYTHONFRAMEWORK"))

"""
A module that implements tooling to enable easy warnings about deprecations.
"""

import logging
import warnings
from typing import Any, Optional, TextIO, Type, Union

from pip._vendor.packaging.version import parse

from pip import __version__ as current_version  # NOTE: tests patch this name.

DEPRECATION_MSG_PREFIX = "DEPRECATION: "


class PipDeprecationWarning(Warning):
    pass


_original_showwarning: Any = None


# Warnings <-> Logging Integration
def _showwarning(
    message: Union[Warning, str],
    category: Type[Warning],
    filename: str,
    lineno: int,
    file: Optional[TextIO] = None,
    line: Optional[str] = None,
) -> None:
    if file is not None:
        if _original_showwarning is not None:
            _original_showwarning(message, category, filename, lineno, file, line)
    elif issubclass(category, PipDeprecationWarning):
        # We use a specially named logger which will handle all of the
        # deprecation messages for pip.
        logger = logging.getLogger("pip._internal.deprecations")
        logger.warning(message)
    else:
        _original_showwarning(message, category, filename, lineno, file, line)


def install_warning_logger() -> None:
    # Enable our Deprecation Warnings
    warnings.simplefilter("default", PipDeprecationWarning, append=True)

    global _original_showwarning

    if _original_showwarning is None:
        _original_showwarning = warnings.showwarning
        warnings.showwarning = _showwarning


def deprecated(
    *,
    reason: str,
    replacement: Optional[str],
    gone_in: Optional[str],
    feature_flag: Optional[str] = None,
    issue: Optional[int] = None,
) -> None:
    """Helper to deprecate existing functionality.

    reason:
        Textual reason shown to the user about why this functionality has
        been deprecated. Should be a complete sentence.
    replacement:
        Textual suggestion shown to the user about what alternative
        functionality they can use.
    gone_in:
        The version of pip does this functionality should get removed in.
        Raises an error if pip's current version is greater than or equal to
        this.
    feature_flag:
        Command-line flag of the form --use-feature={feature_flag} for testing
        upcoming functionality.
    issue:
        Issue number on the tracker that would serve as a useful place for
        users to find related discussion and provide feedback.
    """

    # Determine whether or not the feature is already gone in this version.
    is_gone = gone_in is not None and parse(current_version) >= parse(gone_in)

    message_parts = [
        (reason, f"{DEPRECATION_MSG_PREFIX}{{}}"),
        (
            gone_in,
            (
                "pip {} will enforce this behaviour change."
                if not is_gone
                else "Since pip {}, this is no longer supported."
            ),
        ),
        (
            replacement,
            "A possible replacement is {}.",
        ),
        (
            feature_flag,
            (
                "You can use the flag --use-feature={} to test the upcoming behaviour."
                if not is_gone
                else None
            ),
        ),
        (
            issue,
            "Discussion can be found at https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/{}",
        ),
    ]

    message = " ".join(
        format_str.format(value)
        for value, format_str in message_parts
        if format_str is not None and value is not None
    )

    # Raise as an error if this behaviour is deprecated.
    if is_gone:
        raise PipDeprecationWarning(message)

    warnings.warn(message, category=PipDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)

from pip._internal.distributions.base import AbstractDistribution
from pip._internal.distributions.sdist import SourceDistribution
from pip._internal.distributions.wheel import WheelDistribution
from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement


def make_distribution_for_install_requirement(
    install_req: InstallRequirement,
) -> AbstractDistribution:
    """Returns a Distribution for the given InstallRequirement"""
    # Editable requirements will always be source distributions. They use the
    # legacy logic until we create a modern standard for them.
    if install_req.editable:
        return SourceDistribution(install_req)

    # If it's a wheel, it's a WheelDistribution
    if install_req.is_wheel:
        return WheelDistribution(install_req)

    # Otherwise, a SourceDistribution
    return SourceDistribution(install_req)

"""Validation of dependencies of packages
"""

import logging
from contextlib import suppress
from email.parser import Parser
from functools import reduce
from typing import (
    Callable,
    Dict,
    FrozenSet,
    Generator,
    Iterable,
    List,
    NamedTuple,
    Optional,
    Set,
    Tuple,
)

from pip._vendor.packaging.requirements import Requirement
from pip._vendor.packaging.tags import Tag, parse_tag
from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import NormalizedName, canonicalize_name
from pip._vendor.packaging.version import Version

from pip._internal.distributions import make_distribution_for_install_requirement
from pip._internal.metadata import get_default_environment
from pip._internal.metadata.base import BaseDistribution
from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class PackageDetails(NamedTuple):
    version: Version
    dependencies: List[Requirement]


# Shorthands
PackageSet = Dict[NormalizedName, PackageDetails]
Missing = Tuple[NormalizedName, Requirement]
Conflicting = Tuple[NormalizedName, Version, Requirement]

MissingDict = Dict[NormalizedName, List[Missing]]
ConflictingDict = Dict[NormalizedName, List[Conflicting]]
CheckResult = Tuple[MissingDict, ConflictingDict]
ConflictDetails = Tuple[PackageSet, CheckResult]


def create_package_set_from_installed() -> Tuple[PackageSet, bool]:
    """Converts a list of distributions into a PackageSet."""
    package_set = {}
    problems = False
    env = get_default_environment()
    for dist in env.iter_installed_distributions(local_only=False, skip=()):
        name = dist.canonical_name
        try:
            dependencies = list(dist.iter_dependencies())
            package_set[name] = PackageDetails(dist.version, dependencies)
        except (OSError, ValueError) as e:
            # Don't crash on unreadable or broken metadata.
            logger.warning("Error parsing dependencies of %s: %s", name, e)
            problems = True
    return package_set, problems


def check_package_set(
    package_set: PackageSet, should_ignore: Optional[Callable[[str], bool]] = None
) -> CheckResult:
    """Check if a package set is consistent

    If should_ignore is passed, it should be a callable that takes a
    package name and returns a boolean.
    """

    missing = {}
    conflicting = {}

    for package_name, package_detail in package_set.items():
        # Info about dependencies of package_name
        missing_deps: Set[Missing] = set()
        conflicting_deps: Set[Conflicting] = set()

        if should_ignore and should_ignore(package_name):
            continue

        for req in package_detail.dependencies:
            name = canonicalize_name(req.name)

            # Check if it's missing
            if name not in package_set:
                missed = True
                if req.marker is not None:
                    missed = req.marker.evaluate({"extra": ""})
                if missed:
                    missing_deps.add((name, req))
                continue

            # Check if there's a conflict
            version = package_set[name].version
            if not req.specifier.contains(version, prereleases=True):
                conflicting_deps.add((name, version, req))

        if missing_deps:
            missing[package_name] = sorted(missing_deps, key=str)
        if conflicting_deps:
            conflicting[package_name] = sorted(conflicting_deps, key=str)

    return missing, conflicting


def check_install_conflicts(to_install: List[InstallRequirement]) -> ConflictDetails:
    """For checking if the dependency graph would be consistent after \
    installing given requirements
    """
    # Start from the current state
    package_set, _ = create_package_set_from_installed()
    # Install packages
    would_be_installed = _simulate_installation_of(to_install, package_set)

    # Only warn about directly-dependent packages; create a whitelist of them
    whitelist = _create_whitelist(would_be_installed, package_set)

    return (
        package_set,
        check_package_set(
            package_set, should_ignore=lambda name: name not in whitelist
        ),
    )


def check_unsupported(
    packages: Iterable[BaseDistribution],
    supported_tags: Iterable[Tag],
) -> Generator[BaseDistribution, None, None]:
    for p in packages:
        with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
            wheel_file = p.read_text("WHEEL")
            wheel_tags: FrozenSet[Tag] = reduce(
                frozenset.union,
                map(parse_tag, Parser().parsestr(wheel_file).get_all("Tag", [])),
                frozenset(),
            )
            if wheel_tags.isdisjoint(supported_tags):
                yield p


def _simulate_installation_of(
    to_install: List[InstallRequirement], package_set: PackageSet
) -> Set[NormalizedName]:
    """Computes the version of packages after installing to_install."""
    # Keep track of packages that were installed
    installed = set()

    # Modify it as installing requirement_set would (assuming no errors)
    for inst_req in to_install:
        abstract_dist = make_distribution_for_install_requirement(inst_req)
        dist = abstract_dist.get_metadata_distribution()
        name = dist.canonical_name
        package_set[name] = PackageDetails(dist.version, list(dist.iter_dependencies()))

        installed.add(name)

    return installed


def _create_whitelist(
    would_be_installed: Set[NormalizedName], package_set: PackageSet
) -> Set[NormalizedName]:
    packages_affected = set(would_be_installed)

    for package_name in package_set:
        if package_name in packages_affected:
            continue

        for req in package_set[package_name].dependencies:
            if canonicalize_name(req.name) in packages_affected:
                packages_affected.add(package_name)
                break

    return packages_affected